Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of the Chinese, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2011 Nov 9;23(42):4828-50. doi: 10.1002/adma.201100984. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
Carbon materials have attracted intense interests as electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors, because of their high surface area, electrical conductivity, chemical stability and low cost. Activated carbons produced by different activation processes from various precursors are the most widely used electrodes. Recently, with the rapid growth of nanotechnology, nanostructured electrode materials, such as carbon nanotubes and template-synthesized porous carbons have been developed. Their unique electrical properties and well controlled pore sizes and structures facilitate fast ion and electron transportation. In order to further improve the power and energy densities of the capacitors, carbon-based composites combining electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC)-capacitance and pseudo-capacitance have been explored. They show not only enhanced capacitance, but as well good cyclability. In this review, recent progresses on carbon-based electrode materials are summarized, including activated carbons, carbon nanotubes, and template-synthesized porous carbons, in particular mesoporous carbons. Their advantages and disadvantages as electrochemical capacitors are discussed. At the end of this review, the future trends of electrochemical capacitors with high energy and power are proposed.
碳材料因其高比表面积、导电性、化学稳定性和低成本而被广泛应用于电化学电容器的电极材料。通过不同的前驱体和活化工艺制备的活性炭是最常用的电极材料。最近，随着纳米技术的飞速发展，纳米结构的电极材料，如碳纳米管和模板合成的多孔碳，已经得到了开发。它们独特的电学性质和可控的孔径和结构有利于快速离子和电子传输。为了进一步提高电容器的功率和能量密度，已经探索了将电化学双层电容器（EDLC）-电容和赝电容与碳基复合材料相结合。它们不仅表现出增强的电容，而且还具有良好的循环稳定性。在本文综述中，总结了包括活性炭、碳纳米管和模板合成的多孔碳，特别是介孔碳在内的碳基电极材料的最新进展。讨论了它们作为电化学电容器的优缺点。最后，提出了具有高能量和功率的电化学电容器的未来发展趋势。
