纤毛原生动物中非编码 RNA 指导的 DNA 重排。
DNA rearrangements directed by non-coding RNAs in ciliates.
机构信息
Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, A-1030 Vienna, Austria.
出版信息
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2010 Nov-Dec;1(3):376-87. doi: 10.1002/wrna.34.
Extensive programmed rearrangement of DNA, including DNA elimination, chromosome fragmentation, and DNA unscrambling, takes place in the newly developed macronucleus during the sexual reproduction of ciliated protozoa. Recent studies have revealed that two distant classes of ciliates use distinct types of non-coding RNAs to regulate such DNA rearrangement events. DNA elimination in Tetrahymena is regulated by small non-coding RNAs that are produced and utilized in an RNA interference (RNAi)-related process. It has been proposed that the small RNAs produced from the micronuclear genome are used to identify eliminated DNA sequences by whole-genome comparison between the parental macronucleus and the micronucleus. In contrast, DNA unscrambling in Oxytricha is guided by long non-coding RNAs that are produced from the parental macronuclear genome. These long RNAs are proposed to act as templates for the direct unscrambling events that occur in the developing macronucleus. Both cases provide useful examples to study epigenetic chromatin regulation by non-coding RNAs.
在纤毛原生动物的有性生殖过程中，会发生广泛的 DNA 程序性重排，包括 DNA 消除、染色体碎片化和 DNA 解旋。最近的研究表明，两类亲缘关系较远的纤毛虫使用不同类型的非编码 RNA 来调节这种 DNA 重排事件。四膜虫中的 DNA 消除受小非编码 RNA 的调控，这些小非编码 RNA 是在 RNA 干扰（RNAi）相关过程中产生和利用的。有人提出，从小核基因组产生的小 RNA 可通过双亲代大核和小核之间的全基因组比较来识别消除的 DNA 序列。相比之下，Oxytricha 的 DNA 解旋由来自亲代大核基因组的长非编码 RNA 指导。这些长 RNA 被认为可作为直接发生在发育中的大核中的解旋事件的模板。这两种情况都为研究非编码 RNA 对表观遗传染色质的调控提供了有用的范例。
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