Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2020 Nov;77(22):4615-4629. doi: 10.1007/s00018-020-03555-2. Epub 2020 May 27.
Ciliates are a highly divergent group of unicellular eukaryotes with separate somatic and germline genomes found in distinct dimorphic nuclei. This characteristic feature is tightly linked to extremely laborious developmentally regulated genome rearrangements in the development of a new somatic genome/nuclei following sex. The transformation from germline to soma genome involves massive DNA elimination mediated by non-coding RNAs, chromosome fragmentation, as well as DNA amplification. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in the genome reorganization processes of the model ciliates Paramecium and Tetrahymena (class Oligohymenophorea), and the distantly related Euplotes, Stylonychia, and Oxytricha (class Spirotrichea).
纤毛虫是一类高度分化的单细胞真核生物,具有独特的二态性核,其中包含分离的体细胞和生殖体基因组。这一特征与生殖体基因组/核在性别后发育为新的体细胞基因组/核过程中,受到严格调控的、极其费力的基因组重排紧密相关。从生殖体到体细胞基因组的转变涉及由非编码 RNA 介导的大量 DNA 消除、染色体碎片化以及 DNA 扩增。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了模式纤毛虫草履虫和四膜虫(寡膜纲),以及亲缘关系较远的游仆虫、旋口虫和兜甲尾虫(旋毛纲)的基因组重排过程中的异同。