Centre for mRNP Biogenesis and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle, Bldg. 130, 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2010 Nov-Dec;1(3):474-85. doi: 10.1002/wrna.24.
Eukaryotic RNA polymerase II produces an astounding diversity of transcripts. These may need to be 5(') capped, spliced, polyadenylated, and packaged with proteins before their export to the cytoplasm. Unscheduled accumulation of any RNA species can interfere with normal RNA metabolism and poses a serious hazard to cells. Yet, given the amount of primary transcripts and the complexity of the RNA maturation process, production of aberrant RNA species is unavoidable. Cells, therefore, employ nuclear RNA quality control mechanisms to rapidly degrade, actively retain, or transcriptionally silence unwanted RNAs. Pathways that monitor mRNA production are best understood and similar pathways are employed to destroy transcriptional noise. Finally, related mechanisms also contribute to gene regulation during normal growth.
真核生物 RNA 聚合酶 II 产生的转录本种类繁多。这些转录本在细胞质输出之前，需要进行 5(')端加帽、剪接、多聚腺苷酸化和与蛋白质包装。任何 RNA 物种的非计划积累都会干扰正常的 RNA 代谢，并对细胞造成严重危害。然而，考虑到初级转录本的数量和 RNA 成熟过程的复杂性，产生异常的 RNA 物种是不可避免的。因此，细胞利用核 RNA 质量控制机制来快速降解、主动保留或转录沉默不需要的 RNA。监测 mRNA 产生的途径最被理解，类似的途径也被用于破坏转录噪声。最后，相关机制也有助于正常生长过程中的基因调控。
