Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institue of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2011 Jan-Feb;2(1):106-23. doi: 10.1002/wrna.45. Epub 2010 Sep 15.
RNA polyadenylation occurs in most forms of life, excluding a small number of biological systems. This posttranscriptional modification undertakes two roles, both of which influence the stability of the polyadenylated transcript. One is associated with the mature 3' ends of nucleus-encoded mRNAs in eukaryotic cells and is important for nuclear exit, translatability, and longevity. The second form of RNA polyadenylation assumes an almost opposite role; it is termed 'transient' and serves to mediate the degradation of RNA. Poly(A)-assisted RNA decay pathways were once thought to occur only in prokaryotes/organelles but are now known to be a common phenomenon, present in bacteria, organelles, archaea, and the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, regardless of the fact that in some of these systems, stable polyadenylation exists as well. This article will summarize the current knowledge of polyadenylation and degradation factors involved in poly(A)-assisted RNA decay in the domains of life, focusing mainly on that which occurs in prokaryotes and organelles. In addition, it will offer an evolutionary view of the development of RNA polyadenylation and degradation and the cellular machinery that is involved.
RNA 多聚腺苷酸化发生在大多数生命形式中，除了少数生物系统。这种转录后修饰有两个作用，都影响多聚腺苷酸化转录本的稳定性。一个与真核细胞中核编码 mRNAs 的成熟 3' 末端有关，对核输出、翻译性和寿命很重要。第二种形式的 RNA 多聚腺苷酸化则起到相反的作用；它被称为“瞬时”，有助于介导 RNA 的降解。多聚(A)辅助的 RNA 降解途径曾经被认为只发生在原核生物/细胞器中，但现在已知是一种常见的现象，存在于细菌、细胞器、古菌以及真核细胞的核和细胞质中，尽管在这些系统中的一些系统中也存在稳定的多聚腺苷酸化。本文将总结生命领域中涉及多聚(A)辅助的 RNA 降解的多聚腺苷酸化和降解因子的最新知识，主要集中在原核生物和细胞器中发生的情况。此外，它还将提供 RNA 多聚腺苷酸化和降解以及涉及的细胞机制的进化观点。
