Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, California, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Oct;41(4):442-55. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.036.
Research examining the association between environmental attributes and physical activity among youth is growing. An updated review of literature is needed to summarize the current evidence base, and to inform policies and environmental interventions to promote active lifestyles among young people.
A literature search was conducted using the Active Living Research (ALR) literature database, an online database that codes study characteristics and results of published papers on built/social environment and physical activity/obesity/sedentary behavior. Papers in the ALR database were identified through PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus using systematically developed and expert-validated search protocols. For the current review, additional inclusion criteria were used to select observational, quantitative studies among youth aged 3-18 years.
Papers were categorized by design features, sample characteristics, and measurement mode. Relevant results were summarized, stratified by age (children or adolescents) and mode of measurement (objective or perceived) for environmental attributes and physical activity. Percentage of significant results was calculated.
Mode of measurement greatly influenced the consistency of associations between environmental attributes and youth physical activity. For both children and adolescents, the most consistent associations involved objectively measured environmental attributes and reported physical activity. The most supported correlates for children were walkability, traffic speed/volume, access/proximity to recreation facilities, land-use mix, and residential density. The most supported correlates for adolescents were land-use mix and residential density. These findings support several recommendations for policy and environmental change from such groups as the IOM and National Physical Activity Plan.
研究青少年环境属性与身体活动之间的关系的文献越来越多。需要对现有文献进行更新综述，以总结当前的证据基础，并为促进年轻人积极生活方式的政策和环境干预提供信息。
使用活跃生活研究 (ALR) 文献数据库进行文献检索，这是一个在线数据库，对有关建成/社会环境与身体活动/肥胖/久坐行为的已发表论文的研究特征和结果进行编码。ALR 数据库中的论文是通过 PubMed、Web of Science 和 SPORTDiscus 利用系统开发和专家验证的搜索协议确定的。当前综述还使用了其他纳入标准，以选择 3-18 岁青少年的观察性、定量研究。
根据设计特征、样本特征和测量模式对论文进行分类。对环境属性和身体活动的相关结果进行了总结，按年龄（儿童或青少年）和测量模式（客观或感知）进行分层。计算了显著结果的百分比。
测量模式极大地影响了环境属性与青少年身体活动之间关联的一致性。对于儿童和青少年，最一致的关联涉及客观测量的环境属性和报告的身体活动。对儿童最有支持力的相关性因素是可步行性、交通速度/流量、娱乐设施的可达性/接近度、土地利用混合度和居住密度。对青少年最有支持力的相关性因素是土地利用混合度和居住密度。这些发现支持 IOM 和国家身体活动计划等团体提出的一些政策和环境变化建议。
