Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Trends Mol Med. 2012 Jan;18(1):27-35. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.08.001. Epub 2011 Sep 30.
Metastatic melanoma is a highly lethal type of skin cancer and is often refractory to all traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Key insights into the genetic makeup of melanoma tumors have led to the development of promising targeted agents. An activated RAS pathway, anchored by oncogenic BRAF, appears to be the central motor driving melanoma proliferation. Although recent clinical trials have brought enormous hope to patients with melanoma, adverse effects and novel escape mechanisms of these inhibitors have already emerged. Definition of the limits of the first successful targeted therapies will provide the basis for further advances in management of disseminated melanoma. In this review, the current state of targeted therapy for melanoma is discussed, including the potent BRAF(V600E) inhibitor vemurafenib.
转移性黑色素瘤是一种高度致命的皮肤癌，通常对所有传统化疗药物都有抗药性。对黑色素瘤肿瘤基因构成的深入了解，促成了有前途的靶向药物的发展。一个由致癌 BRAF 锚定的激活的 RAS 通路，似乎是推动黑色素瘤增殖的核心动力。虽然最近的临床试验给黑色素瘤患者带来了巨大的希望，但这些抑制剂的不良反应和新的逃逸机制已经出现。对首次成功的靶向治疗的局限性的定义，将为治疗转移性黑色素瘤提供进一步进展的基础。在这篇综述中，讨论了黑色素瘤的靶向治疗现状，包括强效的 BRAF(V600E)抑制剂 vemurafenib。
