Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Waste Manag. 2012 Jan;32(1):67-76. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.09.004. Epub 2011 Oct 2.
The unstable nature of biocrude oils produced from conventional pyrolysis of biomass is one of the properties that limits its application. In the disposal of poultry litter via pyrolysis technology, the biocrude oil produced as a value-added product can be used for on farm applications. In this study, we investigated the influence of bedding material (wood shavings) on the storage stability of biocrude oils produced from the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter. The biocrude oils produced from manure, wood (pine and oak), and mixtures of manure and wood in proportions (75:25 50:50, and 25:75w/w%) were stored under ambient conditions in sealed glass vials for a period of 6 months and their stability were monitored by measuring the changes in viscosity over time. The manure oil had the lowest rate of viscosity change and thus was relatively the most stable and the oils from the 50:50w/w% litter mixtures were the least stable. The rate of viscosity change of the manure biocrude oil was 1.33cP/day and that of the 50/50 litter mixture was 7.6cP/day for pine and 4.17cP/day for oak. The spectrometric analyses of the biocrude oils showed that the presence of highly reactive oxygenated functionalities in the oil were responsible for the instability characteristic of the litter biocrude oils. The poor stability of the biocrude oil from the 50:50w/w% litter mixtures was attributed to reactions between nitrogenous compounds (amides) from protein degradation and oxygenated compounds from the decomposition of polysaccharides and lignin. The addition of 10% methanol and 10% ethanol to the oil from 50% manure and 50% pine reduced the initial viscosity of the oil and was also beneficial in slowing down the rate of viscosity change during storage.
由生物质常规热解产生的生物原油的不稳定性是限制其应用的特性之一。在通过热解技术处理家禽粪便时，作为增值产品生产的生物原油可用于农场应用。在这项研究中，我们研究了床料（木屑）对由家禽粪便快速热解产生的生物原油储存稳定性的影响。从粪便、木材（松木和橡木）以及粪便和木材的混合物（75:25、50:50 和 25:75w/w%）中生产的生物原油在密封玻璃瓶中在环境条件下储存 6 个月，并通过测量随时间变化的粘度来监测其稳定性。粪便油的粘度变化率最低，因此相对最稳定，而 50:50w/w%粪便混合物油最不稳定。粪便生物原油的粘度变化率为 1.33cP/天，松木的 50/50 粪便混合物油为 7.6cP/天，橡木为 4.17cP/天。生物原油的光谱分析表明，油中存在高反应性含氧官能团是导致粪便生物原油不稳定的原因。50:50w/w%粪便混合物生物原油的稳定性差归因于蛋白质降解产生的含氮化合物（酰胺）与多糖和木质素分解产生的含氧化合物之间的反应。向 50%粪便和 50%松木的油中添加 10%甲醇和 10%乙醇可降低油的初始粘度，并有利于减缓储存过程中粘度变化的速率。
