Department of Emergency Medicine, Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5456, USA.
Acad Pediatr. 2011 Nov-Dec;11(6):487-92. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Oct 2.
To determine the frequency with which drivers report improper seat belt positions among children 4-9 years of age and the frequency with which reported problems were attributable to the lap belt, shoulder belt, or both.
Analysis of driver responses to 5 questions related to seat belt positioning from the cross-sectional, phone-based 2007 Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey. Belt position problems categorized as related to (1) shoulder belt and (2) lap belt. Improper belt position was compared across age groups (4-6 years, 7-8 years, and 9 years) and use of a child safety seat with χ(2) statistics or Fisher exact tests as appropriate.
Seat belt use was reported for 334 of 891 (37%) 4- to 9-year-old child passengers, and 261 (78%) drivers reported improper belt fit among these child passengers. Improper shoulder belt position (44%) was less common than improper lap belt position (62%). At least one improper belt position was reported by 78% of drivers of 4- to 6-year-old children, 77% of 7- to 8-year-old children, and 79% of 9-year-old children (P = .87). There were no significant differences in report of improper belt position among children who never and those who occasionally use a child safety seat were compared.
Drivers frequently report improper lap and shoulder belt positions for their 4- to 9-year-old child passengers yet persist in restraining children by the use of seat belts alone. Clinicians can promote the use of size-appropriate child passenger restraint systems, including car seats and booster seats, to overcome the improper belt positions identified in this study.
确定报告中 4-9 岁儿童安全带位置不当的驾驶员的频率，以及报告的问题归因于腰带、肩带还是两者的频率。
对基于电话的 2007 年机动车乘员安全调查中与安全带定位相关的 5 个问题的驾驶员回答进行分析。将安全带位置问题分为（1）肩带和（2）腰带。使用 χ(2)统计或 Fisher 精确检验，根据年龄组（4-6 岁、7-8 岁和 9 岁）和儿童安全座椅的使用情况比较不当安全带位置。
在 891 名 4 至 9 岁的儿童乘客中，有 334 名（37%）报告使用安全带，其中 261 名（78%）驾驶员报告这些儿童乘客的安全带不合适。不当肩带位置（44%）比不当腰带位置（62%）少见。78%的 4-6 岁儿童、77%的 7-8 岁儿童和 79%的 9 岁儿童的驾驶员报告至少有一个安全带位置不当（P=.87）。与偶尔使用儿童安全座椅的儿童相比，从不使用儿童安全座椅的儿童报告安全带位置不当的比例没有显著差异。
驾驶员经常报告 4-9 岁儿童乘客的安全带位置不当，包括腰带和肩带，但仍坚持单独使用安全带约束儿童。临床医生可以促进使用大小合适的儿童乘客约束系统，包括汽车座椅和增高座椅，以克服本研究中发现的不当安全带位置。
