Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Eco-Innov, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
Pest Manag Sci. 2011 Dec;67(12):1481-5. doi: 10.1002/ps.2283. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom have launched national initiatives to reduce pesticide use or risk. Faced with multiple environmental, social and economic constraints such as ensuring the competiveness of European agriculture, the various programmes address goal setting, stakeholder involvement and the role of research and extension in different ways. These diverse experiences offer valuable insights for the development of national action plans required by new European legislation on pesticides.
The general trend is to move away from volume or use reduction targets towards reductions in risks and impact. All programmes studied pay attention to involving a wide range of stakeholders in the policy-making process to ensure buy-in. Research and extension services are important players that help to define appropriate goals and improve implementation. Collective approaches to implementation appear to be more effective than the classical linear research-extension-farmer model.
No matter the approach adopted in fine, member states can gain much from sharing their diverse experience through comparisons such as this study and via international policy seminars which serve as valuable forums for exchange.
丹麦、德国、荷兰、法国和英国已经启动了国家倡议，以减少农药使用或风险。面对确保欧洲农业竞争力等多种环境、社会和经济限制，各种方案以不同的方式解决目标设定、利益相关者参与以及研究和推广的作用。这些不同的经验为制定新的欧洲农药法规所要求的国家行动计划提供了宝贵的见解。
总的趋势是从减少数量或使用目标转向减少风险和影响。所有研究的方案都注重让广泛的利益相关者参与决策过程，以确保得到认可。研究和推广服务是重要的参与者，有助于确定适当的目标并改善实施。集体实施方法似乎比经典的线性研究-推广-农民模式更有效。
无论采取何种方法，成员国都可以通过这种研究和国际政策研讨会等比较，以及作为宝贵交流论坛的国际政策研讨会，从分享其多样化的经验中受益匪浅。
