Annis H M
Clinical Institute, Addiction Research Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 1990 Apr-Jun;22(2):117-24. doi: 10.1080/02791072.1990.10472537.
A cognitive-social learning model of relapse prevention, specifically Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, is one of the most influential theoretical frameworks that has been applied to the problem of relapse in the substance abuse field. Theory and related empirical findings within this approach are reviewed, including the following: the assessment of a client's high-risk situations for relapse; the development of an individualized treatment plan; the distinction between treatment strategies aimed at "initiation" versus "maintenance" of behavior change; the importance of growth in client self-efficacy; the difference between the process of lapse versus relapse; the use of drugs in relapse prevention counseling; and the role of client-treatment matching. On the basis of the empirical evidence reviewed, it is concluded that a cognitive-social learning approach to relapse prevention is showing promise. Future directions for research are suggested.
一种预防复发的认知-社会学习模型，特别是阿尔伯特·班杜拉的自我效能理论，是应用于药物滥用领域复发问题的最具影响力的理论框架之一。本文回顾了该方法的理论及相关实证研究结果，包括以下内容：对服务对象复发的高危情况进行评估；制定个性化治疗计划；区分旨在行为改变“启动”与“维持”的治疗策略；服务对象自我效能提升的重要性；失误与复发过程的差异；预防复发咨询中药物的使用；以及服务对象与治疗匹配的作用。基于所回顾的实证证据，得出结论认为认知-社会学习预防复发方法显示出前景。同时提出了未来的研究方向。
