Galeano Pablo, Debat Claudio Martínez, Ruibal Fabiana, Fraguas Laura Franco, Galván Guillermo A
Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Regional Sur, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Camino Folle km 36, Progreso, Canelones, Uruguay.
Environ Biosafety Res. 2010 Jul-Sep;9(3):147-54. doi: 10.1051/ebr/2011100. Epub 2011 Mar 25.
The cultivation of genetically modified (GM) Bt maize (Zea mays L.) events MON810 and Bt11 is permitted in Uruguay. Local regulations specify that 10% of the crop should be a non-GM cultivar as refuge area for biodiversity, and the distance from other non-GM maize crops should be more than 250 m in order to avoid cross-pollination. However, the degree of cross-fertilization between maize crops in Uruguay is unknown. The level of adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM crops is a relevant issue for organic farming, in situ conservation of genetic resources and seed production. In the research reported here, the occurrence and frequency of cross-fertilization between commercial GM and non-GM maize crops in Uruguay was assessed. The methodology comprised field sampling and detection using DAS-ELISA and PCR. Five field-pair cases where GM maize crops were grown near non-GM maize crops were identified. These cases had the potential to cross-fertilize considering the distance between crops and the similarity of the sowing dates. Adventitious presence of GM material in the offspring of non-GM crops was found in three of the five cases. Adventitious presence of event MON810 or Bt11 in non-GM maize, which were distinguished using specific primers, matched the events in the putative sources of transgenic pollen. Percentages of transgenic seedlings in the offspring of the non-GM crops were estimated as 0.56%, 0.83% and 0.13% for three sampling sites with distances of respectively 40, 100 and 330 m from the GM crops. This is a first indication that adventitious presence of transgenes in non-GM maize crops will occur in Uruguay if isolation by distance and/or time is not provided. These findings contribute to the evaluation of the applicability of the "regulated coexistence policy" in Uruguay.
在乌拉圭，转基因抗虫玉米品种MON810和Bt11的种植是被允许的。当地法规规定，为保护生物多样性，10%的作物应为非转基因品种作为避难区，且与其他非转基因玉米作物的距离应超过250米，以避免异花授粉。然而，乌拉圭玉米作物之间的异花授粉程度尚不清楚。非转基因作物中转基因物质的偶然存在水平，对于有机农业、遗传资源的原地保护和种子生产来说是一个重要问题。在本文报道的研究中，评估了乌拉圭商业化转基因玉米和非转基因玉米作物之间异花授粉的发生情况和频率。该方法包括田间采样以及使用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法（DAS - ELISA）和聚合酶链式反应（PCR）进行检测。确定了五个转基因玉米作物种植在非转基因玉米作物附近的田间配对案例。考虑到作物之间的距离和播种日期的相似性，这些案例有可能发生异花授粉。在五个案例中的三个案例中，发现非转基因作物的后代中存在转基因物质的偶然存在。使用特异性引物区分出非转基因玉米中MON810或Bt11事件的偶然存在，与转基因花粉推定来源中的事件相匹配。对于距离转基因作物分别为40米、100米和330米的三个采样点，非转基因作物后代中转基因幼苗的百分比估计分别为0.56%、0.83%和0.13%。这首次表明，如果不提供距离和/或时间隔离，乌拉圭的非转基因玉米作物中将出现转基因的偶然存在。这些发现有助于评估乌拉圭“监管共存政策”的适用性。
