Genescà Meritxell
Health Sciences Research Institute, Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain.
J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:103924. doi: 10.1155/2011/103924. Epub 2011 Sep 29.
A vaccine inducing protective immunity in mucosal tissues and secretions may stop or limit HIV infection. Although cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are clearly associated with control of viral replication in HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections, there are examples of uncontrolled viral replication in the face of strong CD8+ T-cell responses. The number of functions, breadth, avidity, and magnitude of CTL response are likely to be important factors in the effectiveness of anti-HIV T-cell response, but the location and persistence of effector CD8+ T cells are also critical factors. Although the only HIV vaccine clinical trial targeting cellular immunity to prevent HIV infection failed, vaccine strategies using persistent agents against pathogenic mucosal challenge in macaque models are showing unique success. Thus, the key to control the initial focus of viral replication at the portal of entry may rely on the continuous generation of effector CTL responses at mucosal level.
一种能在黏膜组织和分泌物中诱导产生保护性免疫的疫苗可能会阻止或限制HIV感染。虽然细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTLs）显然与HIV和猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）感染中病毒复制的控制有关，但也有在面对强烈的CD8 + T细胞反应时病毒复制失控的例子。CTL反应的功能数量、广度、亲和力和强度可能是抗HIV T细胞反应有效性的重要因素，但效应性CD8 + T细胞的位置和持久性也是关键因素。尽管唯一一项针对细胞免疫以预防HIV感染的HIV疫苗临床试验失败了，但在猕猴模型中使用针对致病性黏膜攻击的持久性制剂的疫苗策略正显示出独特的成功。因此，在入口处控制病毒复制初始位点的关键可能依赖于在黏膜水平持续产生效应性CTL反应。
