Brace C L, Hunt K D
Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1990 Jul;82(3):341-60. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330820310.
Dental and craniofacial measurements were collected for 57 samples from Asia, the Pacific, the aboriginal western hemisphere, and Europe. The craniofacial dimensions include many that are not obviously under the control of specific selective forces. Similar configurations for these in different samples should yield indications of recency of common ancestry according to the logic expressed by Darwin and evident in the relationships indicated by nuclear DNA comparisons. Dental dimensions, however, vary according to the length of time that different intensities in selective forces have been in operation. The craniofacial measurements were transformed into C scores and used to generate Euclidean distance dendrograms. When all the material was used to generate a single dendrogram, the European and Amerindian samples sorted into two regionally identifiable clusters, and the Asian and Pacific material sorted into the three clusters identified in separate previous studies: a Mainland Asian cluster, a Jomon-Pacific cluster and an Australo-Melanesian cluster. Since these clusters are based on variation in traits that are basically nonadaptive in nature, no hierarchical ranking is possible. The clusters simply reflect degree of relationship. This technique holds forth the promise of producing a nonracial assessment of the relationships of all the peoples of the world, past and present.
对来自亚洲、太平洋地区、西半球原住民以及欧洲的57个样本进行了牙齿和颅面测量。颅面尺寸包括许多并非明显受特定选择力控制的特征。根据达尔文提出的逻辑以及核DNA比较所显示的关系，不同样本中这些特征的相似构型应能表明共同祖先的近期性。然而，牙齿尺寸会根据选择力不同强度作用的时间长短而有所变化。颅面测量数据被转换为C分数，并用于生成欧几里得距离树状图。当所有材料用于生成单个树状图时，欧洲和美洲印第安样本分为两个可按地区识别的聚类，亚洲和太平洋地区的材料分为先前单独研究中确定的三个聚类：一个亚洲大陆聚类、一个绳纹 - 太平洋聚类和一个澳大利亚 - 美拉尼西亚聚类。由于这些聚类基于本质上基本无适应性的特征变化，因此不可能进行层次排序。这些聚类仅仅反映了亲缘关系程度。这项技术有望对世界上所有过去和现在的民族关系进行非种族评估。
