Insights into the functionality of pelletization aid in pelletization by extrusion-spheronization.

This study investigated the particle sizes of pelletization aids from the different wet processing steps of extrusion-spheronization, and their influence on rheological and pellet properties. Three commercial microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) grades, three commercial cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone (X-PVP) grades and two agglomerated X-PVP grades (prepared using roller compaction from two commercial fine particle size X-PVP grades) were used as pelletization aid. The pelletization aids were analyzed for their dry state particle size, individual particle size (sonicated powder dispersion in water) and in-process particle sizes (dispersions of processed materials from the different processing steps). No remarkable particle size changes were observed with the commercial X-PVP grades under the different conditions. The two fine X-PVP grades, but not the coarse grade, produced good quality pellets. MCC and agglomerated X-PVP grades exhibited spectacularly lower individual and in-process particle sizes, and produced good quality pellets although some of them had dry state particle sizes comparable to that of the commercial coarse X-PVP grade. In-process particle sizes of pelletization aids correlated strongly with the rheological and pellet properties of the pelletization aid:lactose (1:3) binary mixtures. These results demonstrated that small in-process particle size of pelletization aid is a critical requirement for successful pelletization by extrusion-spheronization.