Vaudois University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2012 Jun;24(6):1331-43. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00150. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
Optimal behavior relies on flexible adaptation to environmental requirements, notably based on the detection of errors. The impact of error detection on subsequent behavior typically manifests as a slowing down of RTs following errors. Precisely how errors impact the processing of subsequent stimuli and in turn shape behavior remains unresolved. To address these questions, we used an auditory spatial go/no-go task where continual feedback informed participants of whether they were too slow. We contrasted auditory-evoked potentials to left-lateralized go and right no-go stimuli as a function of performance on the preceding go stimuli, generating a 2 × 2 design with "preceding performance" (fast hit [FH], slow hit [SH]) and stimulus type (go, no-go) as within-subject factors. SH trials yielded SH trials on the following trials more often than did FHs, supporting our assumption that SHs engaged effects similar to errors. Electrophysiologically, auditory-evoked potentials modulated topographically as a function of preceding performance 80-110 msec poststimulus onset and then as a function of stimulus type at 110-140 msec, indicative of changes in the underlying brain networks. Source estimations revealed a stronger activity of prefrontal regions to stimuli after successful than error trials, followed by a stronger response of parietal areas to the no-go than go stimuli. We interpret these results in terms of a shift from a fast automatic to a slow controlled form of inhibitory control induced by the detection of errors, manifesting during low-level integration of task-relevant features of subsequent stimuli, which in turn influences response speed.
最优行为依赖于灵活适应环境要求，特别是基于错误检测。错误检测对后续行为的影响通常表现为错误后 RTs 的减慢。错误如何影响后续刺激的处理，并进而影响行为，这一问题仍未得到解决。为了解决这些问题，我们使用了听觉空间 Go/No-Go 任务，其中持续的反馈告知参与者他们是否太慢。我们对比了左偏侧 Go 和右偏侧 No-Go 刺激的听觉诱发电位，作为先前 Go 刺激表现的函数，生成了一个 2×2 的设计，其中“先前表现”（快速命中[FH]，缓慢命中[SH]）和刺激类型（Go，No-Go）作为被试内因素。SH 试验在前导试验中比 FH 更频繁地产生 SH 试验，这支持了我们的假设，即 SH 试验与错误具有相似的效果。电生理上，听觉诱发电位在刺激后 80-110ms 作为先前表现的函数进行地形调制，然后在 110-140ms 作为刺激类型的函数进行调制，表明基础大脑网络发生了变化。源估计显示，成功试验后前额叶区域对刺激的活动比错误试验更强，随后顶叶区域对 No-Go 刺激的反应比 Go 刺激更强。我们根据错误检测诱导的从快速自动到缓慢受控的抑制控制形式的转变来解释这些结果，这种转变表现在后续刺激的任务相关特征的低级整合过程中，并进而影响反应速度。
