1995 年至 2005 年葡萄牙成年人超重和肥胖的十年趋势。
Ten-year trends in overweight and obesity in the adult Portuguese population, 1995 to 2005.
机构信息
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), CHUV and Faculty of biology and medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2011 Oct 7;11:772. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-772.
BACKGROUND
There is little information regarding the trends in body mass index (BMI) and obesity in the overall Portuguese population, namely if these trends are similar according to educational level. In this study, we assessed the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Portuguese population, overall and by educational level.
METHODS
Cross-sectional national health interview surveys conducted in 1995-6 (n = 38,504), 1998-9 (n = 38,688) and 2005-6 (n = 25,348). Data were derived from the population and housing census of 1991 and two geographically-based strata were defined. The sampling unit was the house, and all subjects living in the sampling unit were surveyed. Height and weight were self-reported; the effects of gender, age group and educational level were also assessed by self-reported structured questionnaires. Bivariate comparisons were performed using Chi-square or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Trends in BMI levels were assessed by linear regression analysis, while trends in the prevalence of obesity were assessed by logistic regression.
RESULTS
Mean (±standard deviation) BMI increased from 25.2 ± 4.0 in 1995-6 to 25.7 ± 4.5 kg/m² in 2005-6. Prevalence of overweight remained stable (36.1% in 1995-6 and 36.4% in 2005) while prevalence of obesity increased (11.5% in 1995-6 and 15.1% in 2005-6). Similar findings were observed according to age group. Mean age-adjusted BMI increase (expressed in kg/m²/year and 95% confidence interval) was 0.073 (0.062, 0.084), 0.016 (0.000, 0.031) and 0.073 (0.049, 0.098) in men with primary, secondary and university levels, respectively; the corresponding values in women were 0.085 (0.073, 0.097), 0.052 (0.035, 0.069) and 0.062 (0.038, 0.084). Relative to 1995-6, obesity rates increased by 48%, 41% and 59% in men and by 40%, 75% and 177% in women with primary, secondary and university levels, respectively. The corresponding values for overweight were 6%, 1% and 23% in men and 5%, 7% and 65% in women.
CONCLUSION
Between 1995 and 2005, obesity increased while overweight remained stable in the adult Portuguese population. Although higher rates were found among lesser educated subjects, the strong increase in BMI and obesity levels in highly educated subjects is of concern.
背景
有关葡萄牙总人口的体重指数（BMI）和肥胖趋势的信息很少，特别是这些趋势是否因教育程度而相似。在这项研究中，我们评估了葡萄牙人口中超重和肥胖的流行趋势，以及按教育程度划分的趋势。
方法
1995-6 年（n=38504）、1998-9 年（n=38688）和 2005-6 年（n=25348）进行了横断面全国健康访谈调查。数据来自 1991 年的人口和住房普查，并定义了两个基于地理位置的层。抽样单位是房屋，居住在抽样单位中的所有人员都接受了调查。身高和体重均由自我报告；还通过自我报告的结构化问卷评估了性别、年龄组和教育程度的影响。使用卡方检验或方差分析（ANOVA）进行了双变量比较。通过线性回归分析评估 BMI 水平的趋势，通过逻辑回归评估肥胖流行率的趋势。
结果
1995-6 年平均（±标准差）BMI 从 25.2±4.0kg/m²增加到 2005-6 年的 25.7±4.5kg/m²。超重的流行率保持稳定（1995-6 年为 36.1%，2005-6 年为 36.4%），而肥胖的流行率增加（1995-6 年为 11.5%，2005-6 年为 15.1%）。根据年龄组观察到类似的发现。在男性中，年龄调整后的 BMI 平均增长（以 kg/m²/年和 95%置信区间表示）分别为 0.073（0.062，0.084）、0.016（0.000，0.031）和 0.073（0.049，0.098），在女性中分别为 0.085（0.073，0.097）、0.052（0.035，0.069）和 0.062（0.038，0.084）。与 1995-6 年相比，男性的肥胖率分别增加了 48%、41%和 59%，女性的肥胖率分别增加了 40%、75%和 177%。超重的相应值在男性中为 6%、1%和 23%，在女性中为 5%、7%和 65%。
结论
1995 年至 2005 年间，葡萄牙成年人的肥胖率增加，而超重率保持稳定。尽管在受教育程度较低的人群中发现了更高的比率，但高学历人群 BMI 和肥胖水平的大幅增加令人担忧。
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