Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), University Hospital Center (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
BMC Public Health. 2010 Feb 22;10:87. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-87.
In many high income developed countries, obesity is inversely associated with educational level. In some countries, a widening gap of obesity between educational groups has been reported. The aim of this study was to assess trends in body mass index (BMI) and in prevalence of overweight and obesity and their association with educational level in the adult Swiss population.
Four cross-sectional National health interview surveys conducted in 1992/93 (n = 14,521), 1997 (n = 12,474), 2002 (n = 18,908) and 2007 (n = 17,879) using representative samples of the Swiss population (age range 18-102 years). BMI was derived from self-reported data. Overweight was defined as BMI > or = 25 and <30 kg/m(2), and obesity as BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2).
Mean (+/- standard deviation) BMI increased from 24.7 +/- 3.6 in 1992/3 to 25.4 +/- 3.6 kg/m2 in 2007 in men and 22.8 +/- 3.8 to 23.7 +/- 4.3 kg/m(2) in women. Between 1992/3 and 2007, the prevalence of overweight + obesity increased from 40.4% to 49.5% in men and from 22.3% to 31.3% in women, while the prevalence of obesity increased from 6.3% to 9.4% in men and from 4.9% to 8.5% in women. The rate of increase in the prevalence of obesity was greater between 1992/3 and 2002 (men: +0.26%/year; women: +0.31%/year) than between 2002 and 2007 (men: +0.10%/year; women: +0.10%/year). A sizable fraction (approximately 25%) of the increasing mean BMI was due to increasing age of the participants over time. The increase was larger in low than high education strata of the population. BMI was strongly associated with low educational level among women and this gradient remained fairly constant over time. A weaker similar gradient by educational level was apparent in men, but it tended to increase over time.
In Switzerland, overweight and obesity increased between 1992 and 2007 and was associated with low education status in both men and women. A trend towards a stabilization of mean BMI levels was noted in most age categories since 2002. The increase in the prevalence of obesity was larger in low education strata of the population. These findings suggest that obesity preventive measures should be targeted according to educational level in Switzerland.
在许多高收入发达国家，肥胖与教育水平呈负相关。在一些国家，教育群体之间的肥胖差距有所扩大。本研究的目的是评估瑞士成年人的体重指数（BMI）和超重及肥胖流行趋势及其与教育水平的关系。
1992/93 年（n=14521）、1997 年（n=12474）、2002 年（n=18908）和 2007 年（n=17879）共进行了 4 次全国健康访谈调查，采用瑞士人口代表性样本（年龄 18-102 岁）。BMI 由自我报告数据得出。超重定义为 BMI≥25 且<30kg/m2，肥胖定义为 BMI≥30kg/m2。
男性 BMI 的平均值（+/-标准差）从 1992/3 年的 24.7+/-3.6kg/m2 增加到 2007 年的 25.4+/-3.6kg/m2，女性从 22.8+/-3.8kg/m2 增加到 23.7+/-4.3kg/m2。1992/3 年至 2007 年，男性超重+肥胖的患病率从 40.4%增加到 49.5%，女性从 22.3%增加到 31.3%，而男性肥胖的患病率从 6.3%增加到 9.4%，女性从 4.9%增加到 8.5%。与 2002 年相比，1992/3 年至 2002 年肥胖患病率的增长率（男性：+0.26%/年；女性：+0.31%/年）高于 2002 年至 2007 年（男性：+0.10%/年；女性：+0.10%/年）。参与者年龄的增长是导致平均 BMI 增加的一个重要因素（约占 25%）。低教育水平人群的 BMI 增长幅度大于高教育水平人群。BMI 与女性的低教育水平密切相关，且这种梯度在不同时期基本保持稳定。男性的这种梯度相对较弱，但随着时间的推移有上升的趋势。
在瑞士，1992 年至 2007 年间超重和肥胖的发病率有所增加，且与男性和女性的低教育水平有关。自 2002 年以来，大多数年龄段的 BMI 水平趋于稳定。低教育水平人群的肥胖患病率增幅较大。这些发现表明，瑞士应根据教育水平制定肥胖预防措施。
