Institute on Aging, School of Community Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2012 May;67(3):279-88. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr103. Epub 2011 Oct 9.
Understanding lifestyle improvements among individuals with chronic illness is vital for targeting interventions that can increase longevity and improve quality of life.
Data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study were used to examine changes in smoking, alcohol use, and exercise 2-14 years after a diagnosis of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, stroke, or lung disease.
Patterns of behavior change following diagnosis indicated that the vast majority of individuals diagnosed with a new chronic condition did not adopt healthier behaviors. Smoking cessation among those with heart disease was the largest observed change, but only 40% of smokers quit. There were no significant increases in exercise for any health condition. Changes in alcohol consumption were small, with significant declines in excessive drinking and increases in abstention for a few health conditions. Over the long term, individuals who made changes appeared to maintain those changes. Latent growth curve analyses up to 14 years after diagnosis showed no average long-term improvement in health behaviors.
Results provide important new information on health behavior changes among those with chronic disease and suggest that intensive efforts are required to help initiate and maintain lifestyle improvements among this population.
了解慢性病患者生活方式的改善对于针对干预措施至关重要，这些干预措施可以提高寿命并改善生活质量。
使用美国健康与退休研究的数据，调查了在心脏病、糖尿病、癌症、中风或肺部疾病诊断后 2-14 年内吸烟、饮酒和运动习惯的变化。
诊断后行为改变的模式表明，绝大多数新确诊为慢性疾病的患者并未采取更健康的行为。心脏病患者的戒烟是观察到的最大变化，但只有 40%的吸烟者戒烟。任何健康状况下的运动都没有显著增加。饮酒习惯的变化很小，少数健康状况下的过度饮酒减少，戒酒增加。从长远来看，做出改变的人似乎保持了这些改变。在诊断后长达 14 年的潜在增长曲线分析中，健康行为没有平均的长期改善。
结果为慢性病患者的健康行为变化提供了重要的新信息，并表明需要付出巨大努力来帮助这一人群开始并维持生活方式的改善。
