Yap Jun Fai, Ahmad Wan Azman Wan, Lim Yin Cheng, Moy Foong Ming
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia.
Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
Ind Health. 2025 Apr 1;63(2):182-197. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2024-0077. Epub 2024 Aug 29.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused substantial morbidity among occupationally active populations. However, data regarding the longitudinal burden of CVD were limited, particularly among school teachers. The objectives of our study were to estimate the incidence rate of CVD and determine its predictors among school teachers in Peninsular Malaysia through a prospective cohort study. We followed 14,046 eligible school teachers recruited between 2013 and 2014 until 31st December 2021. We accessed three computerised, country-level registries to determine incident CVD cases during the study period from 2013 to 2021. Baseline sociodemographic, lifestyle, work-related and clinical characteristics were recorded. Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval were reported. With a median follow-up of 7.71 yr, we observed 209 incident CVD cases (or 195.7 CVD cases per 100,000 person-years). Male gender, age ≥40 yr old, Indian or others ethnicity (as compared to Chinese), family history of CVD, laboratory-confirmed diabetes mellitus, self-reported hypertension, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high triglyceride were predictors for incident CVD among school teachers. Neither work-related nor lifestyle factors were significantly associated with incident CVD. Screening at-risk teachers for diabetes mellitus, hypertension or dyslipidemia is recommended to delay the onset or progression of CVD.
心血管疾病（CVD）在职业活跃人群中导致了大量发病情况。然而，关于CVD纵向负担的数据有限，尤其是在学校教师中。我们研究的目的是通过一项前瞻性队列研究，估计马来西亚半岛学校教师中CVD的发病率，并确定其预测因素。我们对2013年至2014年招募的14,046名符合条件的学校教师进行随访，直至2021年12月31日。我们查阅了三个计算机化的国家级登记处，以确定2013年至2021年研究期间的CVD发病病例。记录了基线社会人口统计学、生活方式、工作相关和临床特征。报告了调整后风险比和95%置信区间的Cox比例风险回归模型。中位随访7.71年，我们观察到209例CVD发病病例（即每100,000人年195.7例CVD病例）。男性、年龄≥40岁、印度或其他族裔（与华裔相比）、CVD家族史、实验室确诊的糖尿病、自我报告的高血压、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高甘油三酯是学校教师中CVD发病的预测因素。工作相关因素和生活方式因素均与CVD发病无显著关联。建议对有风险的教师进行糖尿病、高血压或血脂异常筛查，以延缓CVD的发病或进展。
