Yuen Hon Keung, Mueller Kris, Mayor Ellise, Azuero Andres
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Occup Ther Int. 2011 Dec;18(4):201-8. doi: 10.1002/oti.327. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
The purpose of this mixed methods study was to evaluate the effect of participation in the "Seasoned Arts At the Samford for You" (SAASY) programme, which included a 6-week acting class and four public performances, on the psychological well-being and health-related quality of life of older adults. Twelve older adults with chronic conditions from a low-income senior apartment and a senior living community participated in the programme. The acting class, led by two professional artists, met for a 2-hour class weekly for six weeks. Participants completed the General Well-being Schedule (GWBS) and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) both at the beginning of the programme and one month after the programme ended. In addition, participants were individually interviewed to explore the perceived impact of the theatre programme on their well-being. Participants reported a significantly higher score in the GWBS and on the physical but not on the mental component summary of the SF-36 at post-SAASY programme. Content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that participants attained an improved sense of self-worth and self-advocacy and overcame self-imposed limitations. Results showed improvement in psychological well-being and health-related quality of life, most notably in the physical health component of SF-36 after participating in the programme. Practice implications for occupational therapists using drama as a creative leisure occupation to promote health among older adults with chronic conditions may involve analysis of participants' occupational profile, identification of deficit areas and adaptation of the acting programme content to meet specific needs and goals. The present study used a pretest and post test one group design that has numerous inherent limitations that affect the ability to make valid inferences from study findings. A more rigorous research design with a wait-listed control group and collection of outcome measures immediately after the acting class as well as at three months follow-up is essential in validating the present findings. Outcome measures used in future studies to evaluate the health benefits of a theatre programme should focus on ameliorating the effects of disease on disability (such as functional mobility, everyday cognitive function and activities of daily living) in addition to prevention.
这项混合方法研究的目的是评估参与“为您打造的桑福德老年艺术活动”（SAASY）项目对老年人心理健康和健康相关生活质量的影响。该项目包括为期6周的表演课程和4场公开演出。来自低收入老年公寓和老年生活社区的12名患有慢性病的老年人参与了该项目。由两名专业艺术家带领的表演课程每周进行一次，每次2小时，共持续六周。参与者在项目开始时以及项目结束后一个月分别完成了总体幸福感量表（GWBS）和36项简短健康调查（SF - 36）。此外，还对参与者进行了个别访谈，以探讨戏剧项目对他们幸福感的感知影响。参与者报告称，在SAASY项目结束后，GWBS得分以及SF - 36身体部分而非心理部分的总结得分显著更高。对访谈记录的内容分析表明，参与者获得了更强的自我价值感和自我主张意识，并克服了自我施加的限制。结果显示，参与该项目后，心理健康和健康相关生活质量有所改善，最显著的是在SF - 36的身体健康部分。职业治疗师将戏剧作为一种创造性休闲活动来促进患有慢性病的老年人健康的实践意义可能包括分析参与者的职业概况、确定缺陷领域以及调整表演项目内容以满足特定需求和目标。本研究采用了前测和后测单组设计，存在许多固有局限性，影响了从研究结果中做出有效推断的能力。在验证当前研究结果时，采用有候补对照组的更严格研究设计，并在表演课程结束后以及三个月随访时立即收集结果测量数据至关重要。未来研究中用于评估戏剧项目健康益处的结果测量指标除了预防之外，还应侧重于改善疾病对残疾的影响（如功能移动性、日常认知功能和日常生活活动）。
