Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Vita Salute University, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2011 Jul;34(7 Suppl):8-12.
Calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is a component of the C family of the G protein-coupled receptors. It is ubiquitously expressed in human and mammal cells but is more expressed in parathyroid glands and kidney cells. It is located on the cell plasma membrane and senses the changes of extracellular calcium concentrations. Thus, it may modify cell functions according to serum calcium levels. CaSR has a key role in calcium homeostasis because it allows parathyroid glands and kidney to regulate PTH secretion and calcium reabsorption in order to keep serum calcium concentration within the normal range. CaSR appears as an important player in the regulation of renal calcium handling and body calcium metabolism. Thus, CaSR may protect human tissues against calcium excess. In kidneys, its protective effect includes the stimulation of diuresis and phosphate retention, along with the potential prevention of calcium precipitation and deposition in kidney tubules and interstitium.
钙敏感受体（CaSR）是 G 蛋白偶联受体 C 家族的一个组成部分。它在人和哺乳动物细胞中广泛表达，但在甲状旁腺和肾脏细胞中表达更多。它位于细胞膜上，感知细胞外钙离子浓度的变化。因此，它可以根据血清钙水平来调节细胞功能。CaSR 在钙稳态中起着关键作用，因为它允许甲状旁腺和肾脏调节 PTH 分泌和钙重吸收，以保持血清钙浓度在正常范围内。CaSR 似乎是调节肾脏钙处理和体内钙代谢的重要因素。因此，CaSR 可以保护人体组织免受钙过量的影响。在肾脏中，其保护作用包括刺激利尿和磷酸盐潴留，以及潜在地预防钙在肾小管和肾间质中的沉淀和沉积。
