Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Otol Neurotol. 2011 Dec;32(9):1600-4. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318232e268.
Seventeenth century anatomists, including Franciscus Sylvius, identified a small bony structure between the distal end of the incus and the stapes that they believed was a separate and thus additional ossicle. The existence of the ossicle at the distal end of the long process of the incus was controversial for the next 200 years. In the 19 th century, anatomists including Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Samuel Thomas Soemmerring, Henry Jones Shrapnell, Eduard Hagenbach, and Joseph Hyrtl provided numerous arguments to demonstrate why the so-called additional ossicle was actually attached to the incus by a thin strut, and thus not a separate bone. The objective of this study was to review the history of the discovery and description of the lenticular process of the incus.
Data sources included original published manuscripts and monographs obtained from the historical collections at Washington University in St. Louis and photographs of original materials from cooperating libraries.
A detailed study of the published evidence revealed that the lenticular process of the incus was originally thought to be a separate, or fourth, ossicle. Later studies revealed that the lenticular "ossicle" was actually attached to the incus by a thin strut.
The ovoid end of the incus should be referred to as the "lenticular process" of the incus, attached to the long process by a thin strut or pedicle. The best nomenclature for the bony connection between the lenticular process and the long process of the incus remains uncertain.
包括弗朗西斯库斯·西尔维乌斯在内的 17 世纪解剖学家在锤骨的远端和镫骨之间识别出一个小的骨结构，他们认为这是一个单独的、额外的小骨。在接下来的 200 年里，关于镫骨长突末端是否存在这个小骨一直存在争议。在 19 世纪，包括约翰·弗里德里希·布鲁门巴赫、塞缪尔·托马斯·索默林、亨利·琼斯·施拉普内尔、爱德华·哈根巴赫和约瑟夫·赫特尔在内的解剖学家提出了许多论点，以证明所谓的额外小骨实际上是通过一个细支柱附着在锤骨上的，而不是一个单独的骨头。本研究的目的是回顾镫骨豆状突的发现和描述的历史。
资料来源包括从圣路易斯华盛顿大学历史收藏中获得的原始出版手稿和专着，以及合作图书馆提供的原始材料照片。
对已发表证据的详细研究表明，镫骨豆状突最初被认为是一个单独的、或第四块小骨。后来的研究表明，镫骨的“小骨”实际上是通过一个细支柱附着在锤骨上的。
锤骨的卵形末端应称为“豆状突”，通过一个细支柱或蒂附着在长突上。豆状突和锤骨长突之间的骨性连接的最佳命名法仍不确定。
