Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
Spinal Cord. 2012 Apr;50(4):264-74. doi: 10.1038/sc.2011.111. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
Literature review.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a major public health issue in developed countries as well as worldwide. The pathophysiology of SCI is characterized by an initial primary injury followed by secondary deterioration. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of SCI remain to be fully understood, it has been suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress have a significant role in the pathophysiology of SCI. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress may be an effective strategy for therapeutic intervention of SCI. The aim of this review was to describe (i) the sources of ROS as well as the major antioxidant defenses with particular attention being paid to lipid peroxidation; (ii) the biomarkers of oxidative stress in SCI and (iii) the neuroprotective effects of various compounds with antioxidative properties in animal models of SCI.
PubMed, one of the most comprehensive biomedical databases, was searched from 1976-2011. All relevant papers were read by title, abstract and full-length article.
Oxidative stress is considered a hallmark of injury of SCI. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress may be an effective way of therapeutic intervention of SCI. Two of these agents, the glucocorticoid steroid methylprednisolone and the non-glucocorticoid 21-aminosteroid tirilazad, have been shown to possess significant antioxidant activities and improve recovery of SCI patients in clinical trials. Other promising botanical compounds and their molecular targets and mechanisms of action with regard to potential protection against SCI were also described. These include carotenoids and phenolic compounds.
ROS and oxidative stress have a significant role in the pathophysiology of SCI. Alleviating oxidative stress is be an effective strategy for therapeutic intervention of SCI. Extensive research over the past several decades has identified numerous bioactive compounds that have antioxidative stress benefits in animal models of SCI. Thus, continued studies on bioactive compounds with ROS-scavenging capacity may lead to the development of effective antioxidant-based modalities for treating SCI in human subjects.
文献回顾。
脊髓损伤（SCI）仍然是发达国家乃至全球的一个主要公共卫生问题。SCI 的病理生理学特征是初始原发性损伤后发生继发性恶化。尽管 SCI 的病因和发病机制仍未完全了解，但有人认为活性氧（ROS）和氧化应激在 SCI 的病理生理学中起重要作用。因此，减轻氧化应激可能是治疗 SCI 的有效策略。本综述的目的是描述：（i）ROS 的来源以及主要的抗氧化防御系统，特别注意脂质过氧化；（ii）SCI 中的氧化应激生物标志物；（iii）具有抗氧化特性的各种化合物在 SCI 动物模型中的神经保护作用。
使用最全面的生物医学数据库之一 PubMed 进行搜索，时间范围为 1976 年至 2011 年。通过标题、摘要和全文阅读来阅读所有相关论文。
氧化应激被认为是 SCI 损伤的标志。因此，减轻氧化应激可能是治疗 SCI 的有效方法。其中两种药物，糖皮质激素类固醇甲泼尼龙和非糖皮质激素 21-氨基甾体替拉扎特，已被证明具有显著的抗氧化活性，并在临床试验中改善 SCI 患者的恢复。还描述了其他有前途的植物化合物及其分子靶点和作用机制，以防止 SCI。这些包括类胡萝卜素和酚类化合物。
ROS 和氧化应激在 SCI 的病理生理学中起重要作用。减轻氧化应激是治疗 SCI 的有效策略。过去几十年的广泛研究已经确定了许多具有抗氧化应激作用的生物活性化合物，这些化合物在 SCI 动物模型中具有作用。因此，对具有 ROS 清除能力的生物活性化合物的持续研究可能会导致开发出针对人类 SCI 的有效基于抗氧化剂的治疗方法。
