Ma Yanming, Pan Jingxin, Ju Cheng, Yu Xiaojun, Wang Yingguang, Li Ruoyu, Hu Huimin, Wang Xiaodong, Hao Dingjun
Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Youyidong Road, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
Theranostics. 2025 May 8;15(13):6146-6183. doi: 10.7150/thno.114836. eCollection 2025.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life - altering neurological condition that carries significant global morbidity and mortality. It results in the disruption of motor and sensory pathways below the site of injury, often leading to permanent functional impairments and severely diminished quality of life. Despite decades of clinical and research efforts, current treatment options remain largely supportive, with limited success in promoting meaningful functional recovery or neural regeneration. In recent years, nanozymes have emerged as a promising frontier in the therapeutic landscape for SCI. These nanomaterial - based artificial enzymes offer several compelling advantages over their natural counterparts, including superior stability under physiological conditions, adjustable catalytic activity, cost - effective production, and prolonged shelf life. Unlike traditional therapeutic agents, nanozymes can be engineered to closely mimic the activity of key endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. By scavenging reactive oxygen species and attenuating oxidative damage, nanozymes help preserve neuronal integrity and support the intrinsic repair processes of the central nervous system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying SCI and examines the classification and catalytic principles governing nanozyme activity. We delve into the molecular pathways through which nanozymes exert their neuroprotective effects, particularly their roles in modulating oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses following injury. Additionally, we explore the current challenges associated with nanozyme development, such as biocompatibility, targeted delivery, and long - term safety, and discuss future directions for optimizing their therapeutic potential in clinical applications. By synthesizing emerging insights into antioxidant nanozyme - based strategies, this review aims to contribute to the evolving landscape of SCI treatment and to highlight the transformative potential of nanozymes in advancing neuroregenerative medicine. These innovative agents represent a new horizon in SCI management, offering renewed hope for improving neurological outcomes and quality of life in affected individuals.
脊髓损伤（SCI）是一种改变人生的神经疾病，在全球范围内具有显著的发病率和死亡率。它会导致损伤部位以下的运动和感觉通路中断，常常导致永久性的功能障碍和生活质量严重下降。尽管经过了数十年的临床和研究努力，但目前的治疗选择在很大程度上仍以支持性治疗为主，在促进有意义的功能恢复或神经再生方面成效有限。近年来，纳米酶已成为脊髓损伤治疗领域中一个有前景的前沿方向。这些基于纳米材料的人工酶与其天然同类物相比具有几个引人注目的优势，包括在生理条件下具有卓越的稳定性、可调节的催化活性、经济高效的生产以及延长的保质期。与传统治疗剂不同，纳米酶可以被设计成紧密模拟关键内源性抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性。通过清除活性氧并减轻氧化损伤，纳米酶有助于维持神经元的完整性并支持中枢神经系统的内在修复过程。本综述全面概述了脊髓损伤背后的病理生理机制，并研究了控制纳米酶活性的分类和催化原理。我们深入探讨了纳米酶发挥其神经保护作用的分子途径，特别是它们在调节氧化应激和抑制损伤后炎症反应中的作用。此外，我们探讨了与纳米酶开发相关的当前挑战，如生物相容性、靶向递送和长期安全性，并讨论了在临床应用中优化其治疗潜力的未来方向。通过综合对抗氧化纳米酶策略的新见解，本综述旨在为脊髓损伤治疗的不断发展做出贡献，并突出纳米酶在推进神经再生医学方面的变革潜力。这些创新药物代表了脊髓损伤治疗的新视野，为改善受影响个体的神经学结果和生活质量带来了新的希望。
