Garcia Leila Posenato, Santana Lúcia Rolim
Diretoria de Estudos e Políticas Sociais, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Brasília, DF, 70.076-900, Brazil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2011 Sep;16(9):3717-28. doi: 10.1590/s1413-81232011001000009.
In Brazil, infant and child mortality reveal a downward trend. Few studies have investigated the temporal trends in the inequalities of these deaths, at individual level, according to socio-economic status. The scope of this article was to investigate the temporal trends of the magnitude of inequalities in infant and child mortality, between groups defined by maternal education and household income per capita in the 1993-2008 period in Brazil. Microdata from the National Household Sample Survey were used. The inequality measure was the concentration index (CI). It was calculated for infant and child deaths, according to maternal education and household income per capita. During the 2003-2008 period, there was a reduction in inequalities in infant and child mortality, at individual level, and according to maternal education and household income per capita. In 2008, the concentration of child deaths among children whose mothers had less education was higher than the concentration of infant deaths. The CI according to income had greater variability, but also demonstrated a lower concentration of deaths at the end of the period. The measurement of inequalities in health is important for monitoring the population health situation.
在巴西，婴幼儿死亡率呈下降趋势。很少有研究根据社会经济地位，在个体层面调查这些死亡不平等现象的时间趋势。本文的范围是调查1993年至2008年期间巴西按母亲教育程度和人均家庭收入定义的群体之间，婴幼儿死亡率不平等程度的时间趋势。使用了来自全国住户抽样调查的微观数据。不平等衡量指标是集中指数（CI）。根据母亲教育程度和人均家庭收入，计算了婴幼儿死亡的集中指数。在2003年至2008年期间，在个体层面以及根据母亲教育程度和人均家庭收入，婴幼儿死亡率的不平等现象有所减少。2008年，母亲受教育程度较低的儿童中儿童死亡的集中度高于婴儿死亡的集中度。按收入计算的集中指数具有更大的变异性，但在该时期末也显示出较低的死亡集中度。健康不平等的测量对于监测人群健康状况很重要。
