Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77550-0610, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):S1075-81. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir349.
The filoviruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, cause severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans and nonhuman primates. Among the most-promising filovirus vaccines under development is a system based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) that expresses a single filovirus glycoprotein (GP) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). Importantly, a single injection of blended rVSV-based filovirus vaccines was shown to completely protect nonhuman primates against Marburg virus and 3 different species of Ebola virus. These rVSV-based vaccines have also shown utility when administered as a postexposure treatment against filovirus infections, and a rVSV-based Ebola virus vaccine was recently used to treat a potential laboratory exposure. Here, we review the history of rVSV-based vaccines and pivotal animal studies showing their utility in combating Ebola and Marburg virus infections.
丝状病毒，马尔堡病毒和埃博拉病毒，可引起人类和非人类灵长类动物的严重出血热，死亡率很高。在正在开发的最有前途的丝状病毒疫苗中，有一种基于重组水疱性口炎病毒（rVSV）的系统，该系统可在替代 VSV 糖蛋白（G）的位置表达单一丝状病毒糖蛋白（GP）。重要的是，混合 rVSV 为基础的丝状病毒疫苗的单次注射可完全保护非人类灵长类动物免受马尔堡病毒和 3 种不同种属的埃博拉病毒的侵害。这些基于 rVSV 的疫苗在用作针对丝状病毒感染的暴露后治疗时也显示出了效用，最近还使用了一种基于 rVSV 的埃博拉病毒疫苗来治疗潜在的实验室暴露。在这里，我们回顾了基于 rVSV 的疫苗的历史以及重要的动物研究，这些研究表明它们在对抗埃博拉和马尔堡病毒感染方面的效用。
