School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012;52(1):55-71. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2010.494259.
Nanotechnology is seeing higher propensity in various industries, including food and bioactives. New nanomaterials are constantly being developed from both natural biodegradable polymers of plant and animal origins such as polysaccharides and derivatives, peptides and proteins, lipids and fats, and biocompatible synthetic biopolyester polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkonoates (PHA), and polycaprolactone (PCL). Applications in food industries include molecular synthesis of new functional food compounds, innovative food packaging, food safety, and security monitoring. The relevance of bioactives includes targeted delivery systems with improved bioavailability using nanostructure vehicles such as association colloids, lipid based nanoencapsulator, nanoemulsions, biopolymeric nanoparticles, nanolaminates, and nanofibers. The extensive use of nanotechnology has led to the need for parallel safety assessment and regulations to protect public health and adverse effects to the environment. This review covers the use of biopolymers in the production of nanomaterials and the propensity of nanotechnology in food and bioactives. The exposure routes of nanoparticles, safety challenges, and measures undertaken to ensure optimal benefits that outweigh detriments are also discussed.
纳米技术在包括食品和生物活性物质在内的各个行业中的应用越来越多。新的纳米材料不断地从天然可生物降解的植物和动物来源的聚合物中被开发出来，如多糖及其衍生物、肽和蛋白质、脂质和脂肪，以及生物相容性的合成生物聚酯聚合物，如聚乳酸（PLA）、聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）和聚己内酯（PCL）。在食品工业中的应用包括新型功能性食品化合物的分子合成、创新型食品包装、食品安全和安全监控。生物活性物质的相关性包括使用纳米结构载体（如缔合胶体、基于脂质的纳米囊泡、纳米乳液、生物聚合物纳米粒子、纳米层和纳米纤维）进行靶向递送系统，以提高生物利用度。纳米技术的广泛应用导致需要进行平行的安全评估和法规，以保护公众健康和对环境的不利影响。本综述涵盖了生物聚合物在纳米材料生产中的应用以及纳米技术在食品和生物活性物质中的应用。还讨论了纳米粒子的暴露途径、安全挑战以及为确保超过弊端的最佳利益而采取的措施。
