Barwari K, De Bruin D M, Faber D J, Van Leeuwen T G, De La Rosette J J, Laguna M P
Department of Urology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2011 Sep;63(3):213-25.
In modern medicine the profound use of abdominal imaging has led to a dramatic change of presentation of renal tumors. Smaller tumors and therefore more benign masses are being discovered, and as systemic use of renal mass biopsies is not recommended by the general guidelines, an appropriate tool to assess the biology of renal tumors is highly desirable. Apart from new developments of currently applied diagnostic modalities, several research groups focus on the potential of optical diagnostic techniques to contribute to the diagnostic process of renal tumors. They use the interaction of light with biological tissue to gather information on the optical properties of a tissue sample and therefore providing information on the histological composition of this tissue in a non-invasive manner and in real-time. In this review we provide an overview of novel diagnostic techniques starting with the future of conventional diagnostics like Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) followed by optical technologies that are potentially employed in the nearby future to improve the diagnostic process of renal tumors with a focus on optical diagnostic techniques.
在现代医学中，腹部成像的深入应用已导致肾肿瘤的表现发生了巨大变化。越来越多较小的肿瘤，也就是更多的良性肿块被发现，并且由于一般指南不建议对肾肿块进行系统性活检，因此非常需要一种合适的工具来评估肾肿瘤的生物学特性。除了当前应用的诊断方式的新进展外，几个研究小组专注于光学诊断技术对肾肿瘤诊断过程的潜在贡献。他们利用光与生物组织的相互作用来收集有关组织样本光学特性的信息，从而以非侵入性方式实时提供有关该组织组织学组成的信息。在本综述中，我们首先概述传统诊断方法（如对比增强超声（CEUS）和正电子发射断层扫描 - 计算机断层扫描（PET - CT））的未来发展，接着介绍可能在不久的将来用于改善肾肿瘤诊断过程的光学技术，重点是光学诊断技术。
