Genetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Coastal Studies Institute, Bragança Campus, Universidade Federal do Pará, 68.600-000 Bragança-PA, Brazil.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2011 Nov;146(3):385-91. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21587. Epub 2011 Aug 24.
This study presents a molecular phylogeny of the Saguinus genus, based on the analysis of the DNA sequences of five nuclear loci with Alu insertions in 10 species. The concatenated alignment produced a polytomic arrangement with four main groups, although only two clades-the Amazonian (S. midas, S. niger, and S. bicolor) and the Colombian (S. leucopus and S. oedipus) tamarins-were statistically significant. The emergence of the midas-bicolor clade was estimated at about 5 million years ago (mya), and that of the Colombian clade, at 4.6 mya. The phylogenetic relationships among the mustached tamarins (S. mystax, S. imperator, and S. labiatus) remained unresolved, as did the internal arrangement of the midas group. The lack of a clear consensus on the phylogeny of this group may be related to rapid bursts of evolutionary change within the context of a highly dynamic environment, which may be difficult to resolve using the available quantitative approaches. On the other hand, the discrepancies between mtDNA and nDNA in resolving phylogenies strongly indicate the role of reticulated evolution in the evolutionary history of this group. We hope that the advance of whole genome sequencing technology and increasing information on nuclear markers and SNPs, coupled with a better understanding of the geological phenomena that took place in western Amazonia over the past 20 million years, will shed further light on the phylogenetic history of these New World primates.
本研究基于对 10 种物种中带有 Alu 插入的五个核基因座的 DNA 序列分析，呈现了 Saguinus 属的分子系统发育。串联排列产生了一个具有四个主要组的多态排列，尽管只有两个分支——亚马逊（S. midas、S. niger 和 S. bicolor）和哥伦比亚（S. leucopus 和 S. oedipus）狨猴——在统计学上是显著的。midas-bicolor 分支的出现估计在大约 500 万年前（mya），而哥伦比亚分支的出现则在 460 万年前。须长尾猴（S. mystax、S. imperator 和 S. labiatus）之间的系统发育关系仍然没有解决，midas 组的内部排列也是如此。该组的系统发育缺乏明确的共识可能与高度动态环境中快速进化变化的背景有关，这可能难以使用现有的定量方法来解决。另一方面，mtDNA 和 nDNA 在解决系统发育上的差异强烈表明了网状进化在该组进化历史中的作用。我们希望，全基因组测序技术的进步，以及更多关于核标记和 SNP 的信息，加上对过去 2000 万年发生在亚马逊西部的地质现象的更好理解，将进一步阐明这些新世界灵长类动物的系统发育历史。
