Simbex, 10 Water Street, Suite 410, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2012 Jan;40(1):203-12. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0410-6. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
It is estimated that 10-20% of United States soldiers returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) have suffered at least one instance of blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) with many reporting persistent symptomology and long-term effects. This variation in blast response may be related to the complexity of blast waves and the many mechanisms of injury, including over-pressurization due to the shock wave and potential for blunt impacts to the head from shrapnel or from other indirect impacts (e.g., building, ground, and vehicle). To help differentiate the effects of primary, secondary, and tertiary effects of blast, a custom sensor was developed to simultaneously measure over-pressurization and blunt impact. Moreover, a custom, complementary filter was designed to differentiate the measurements of blunt (low-frequency bandwidth) from over-pressurization (high-frequency bandwidth). The custom sensor was evaluated in the laboratory using a shock tube to simulate shock waves and a drop fixture to simulate head impacts. Both bare sensors and sensor embedded within an ACH helmet coupon were compared to laboratory reference transducers under multiple loading conditions (n = 5) and trials at each condition (n = 3). For all comparative measures, peak magnitude, peak impulse, and cross-correlation measures, R (2) values, were greater than 0.900 indicating excellent agreement of peak measurements and time-series comparisons with laboratory measures.
据估计，有 10-20%的从伊拉克自由行动（OIF）和持久自由行动（OEF）返回的美国士兵至少遭受过一次爆炸引起的创伤性脑损伤（bTBI），许多人报告有持续的症状和长期影响。这种爆炸反应的变化可能与爆炸波的复杂性和多种损伤机制有关，包括由于冲击波引起的过压和碎片或其他间接冲击（如建筑物、地面和车辆）对头部造成的潜在钝性冲击。为了帮助区分爆炸的原发性、继发性和三级效应的影响，开发了一种定制传感器来同时测量过压和钝性冲击。此外，还设计了一种定制的互补滤波器，以区分钝性（低频带宽）和过压（高频带宽）的测量值。该定制传感器在实验室中使用激波管模拟冲击波和跌落装置模拟头部冲击进行了评估。在多种加载条件（n=5）和每种条件下的试验（n=3）下，将裸传感器和嵌入 ACH 头盔优惠券中的传感器与实验室参考传感器进行了比较。对于所有比较措施，峰值幅度、峰值脉冲和互相关测量值的 R（2）值均大于 0.900，表明峰值测量值和时间序列与实验室测量值的一致性非常好。
