Krzemińska Sylwia, Irzmańska Emilia
Zakład Ochron Osobistych, Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy, Pańistwowy Instytut Badawczy, Warszawa.
Med Pr. 2011;62(4):435-43.
Exposure of workers to health hazards due to contact with mineral oils occurs primarily in the chemical, petrochemical, machine-building, metallurgic and car industries. Under worksite conditions, the respiratory system and the skin are the primary routes of entry of mineral oils into the human body. Long-term exposure of the skin to oily substances may lead not only to irritation and allergic lesions. The studies conducted in this area have confirmed a significant increase in the incidence of skin cancers in persons chronically exposed to mineral oils. Protection of workers' health at worksites associated with the risk of contact with mineral oils requires, in addition to collective protective and organizational solutions, personal protective equipment with appropriate protection and utility parameters confirmed by laboratory tests. The essential preventive measures include protection of the human skin by means of appropriate protective clothing and gloves, which provide an effective barrier against a wide spectrum of chemical compounds present in mineral oils. Knowledge of polymer materials is the prerequisite for designing more and more effective and functional protective clothing and gloves. Studies aimed at obtaining higher levels of skin protection against varied toxic substances, including mineral oils, have been conducted, among others, to develop modern glove and clothing materials ensuring resistance to oils. The rapid progress of nanotechnology and the use of nanoadditives in polymer materials has made it possible to undertake works aimed at developing modern polymer nanostructures designed for construction of oil-resistant protective clothing and gloves. In this review paper the authors have presented the current knowledge of polymer materials, from traditional ones to polymer nanostructures, used in personal equipment protecting against mineral oils.
工人因接触矿物油而面临健康危害，主要发生在化工、石化、机械制造、冶金和汽车行业。在工作场所条件下，呼吸系统和皮肤是矿物油进入人体的主要途径。皮肤长期接触油性物质不仅可能导致刺激和过敏性损伤。该领域进行的研究证实，长期接触矿物油的人患皮肤癌的几率显著增加。在有可能接触矿物油的工作场所保护工人健康，除了采取集体防护和组织措施外，还需要配备经实验室测试确认具有适当防护和实用参数的个人防护装备。基本的预防措施包括通过适当的防护服和手套保护人体皮肤，这些防护服和手套能有效阻挡矿物油中存在的多种化合物。了解聚合物材料是设计越来越有效和实用的防护服和手套的前提。已经开展了旨在提高皮肤对包括矿物油在内的各种有毒物质防护水平的研究，其中包括开发确保耐油性能的现代手套和服装材料。纳米技术的迅速发展以及纳米添加剂在聚合物材料中的应用，使得开展旨在开发用于制造耐油防护服和手套的现代聚合物纳米结构的工作成为可能。在这篇综述文章中，作者介绍了从传统聚合物材料到聚合物纳米结构，用于防护矿物油的个人装备中的聚合物材料的现有知识。
