Lind Marie-Louise, Johnsson Stina, Meding Birgitta, Boman Anders
Occupational Dermatology, National Institute for Working Life, SE-113 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2007 Jul;51(5):479-85. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/mem028. Epub 2007 Jun 25.
Dermal exposure to skin irritants and contact allergens is frequent in hairdressing. Hair dyeing is popular today and involves exposure to highly potent contact allergens, such as p-phenylenediamine (PPD). Use of protective gloves to prevent contact with skin-damaging substances is essential. The aim of the present study was to determine the resistance to permeation by PPD, toluene-2,5-diaminesulfate (TDS) and resorcinol (RES) through protective gloves used in hairdressing in Sweden. The permeation of PPD, TDS and RES through four types of protective gloves made of natural rubber latex (NRL), polyvinylchloride (PVC), nitrile rubber (NR) and polyethene (PE) was tested using the American Society for Testing and Materials (1-inch) test cell. Exposure solutions were 5% PPD (w/v), 0.75% TDS and 10% RES in borate buffer with 0.2 M ascorbic acid. The cumulative breakthrough, the so-called 'time-lag breakthrough' (Lag-BT), and permeation rate were determined for each substance and glove. For the NRL glove, the permeated amounts were below the analytical detection levels for all the tested substances. The NR glove was permeated only by RES, with a Lag-BT of 183 min. The PE glove was the thinnest glove and had a Lag-BT of 32 min for PPD; however, the steady-state permeation rate was only 0.031 nmol cm(-2) min(-1). The PVC glove gave the lowest protection against PPD and RES. TDS did not permeate any of the tested gloves. All the tested gloves were disposable, and all need to be changed often and disposed of after use. In conclusion, if properly used, all the tested gloves give considerable protection against permeation of PPD, TDS and RES.
在美发行业中，皮肤频繁接触皮肤刺激物和接触性过敏原。如今染发很流行，这涉及到接触强效接触性过敏原，如对苯二胺（PPD）。使用防护手套以防止接触皮肤损伤物质至关重要。本研究的目的是测定瑞典美发用防护手套对PPD、甲苯 - 2,5 - 二胺硫酸盐（TDS）和间苯二酚（RES）的渗透抗性。使用美国材料与试验协会（1英寸）测试池测试了PPD、TDS和RES通过四种由天然橡胶乳胶（NRL）、聚氯乙烯（PVC）、丁腈橡胶（NR）和聚乙烯（PE）制成的防护手套的渗透情况。暴露溶液为含0.2 M抗坏血酸的硼酸盐缓冲液中的5% PPD（w/v）、0.75% TDS和10% RES。测定了每种物质和手套的累积穿透量、所谓的“时滞穿透”（Lag - BT）和渗透速率。对于NRL手套，所有测试物质的渗透量均低于分析检测水平。NR手套仅被RES渗透，Lag - BT为183分钟。PE手套是最薄的手套，PPD的Lag - BT为32分钟；然而，稳态渗透速率仅为0.031 nmol cm⁻² min⁻¹。PVC手套对PPD和RES的防护作用最低。TDS未渗透任何测试手套。所有测试手套均为一次性手套，使用后都需要经常更换并丢弃。总之，如果正确使用，所有测试手套都能对PPD、TDS和RES的渗透提供相当程度的防护。
