School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2011 Nov;29(Pt 4):865-82. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-835X.2010.02014.x. Epub 2011 Jan 6.
We examined the development of children's engagement of the episodic retrieval processes of recollection and familiarity and their relationship with working memory (WM). Ninety-six children (24 in four groups aged 8, 9, 10, and 11 years) and 24 adults performed an episodic memory (EM) task involving old/new, remember/know (R/K), and source memory judgements and numerous WM tasks that assessed verbal and spatial components of WM and delayed short-term memory (STM). Developmental changes were observed in EM with younger children (8-, 9-, 10-year-olds) making fewer remember responses than 11-year-olds and adults while 11-year-olds did not differ from adults. Only children aged 10 years plus showed a relationship between EM and WM. EM was related to verbal executive WM in 10- and 11-year-old children suggesting that children at this stage use verbal strategies to aid EM. In contrast, EM was related to spatial executive WM in adults. The engagement of episodic retrieval processes appears to be selectively related to executive components of verbal and spatial WM, the pattern of which differs in children and adults.
我们研究了儿童对回忆和熟悉这两种情节提取过程的参与程度及其与工作记忆（WM）的关系。96 名儿童（4 组，年龄分别为 8、9、10 和 11 岁，每组 24 名）和 24 名成年人进行了一项情节记忆（EM）任务，包括旧/新、记得/知道（R/K）和来源记忆判断，以及多项 WM 任务，评估 WM 的言语和空间成分以及延迟短期记忆（STM）。观察到 EM 方面存在发展变化，年幼的儿童（8、9、10 岁）比 11 岁和成年人做出的记得反应更少，而 11 岁的儿童与成年人没有区别。只有 10 岁以上的儿童表现出 EM 和 WM 之间的关系。EM 与 10 岁和 11 岁儿童的言语执行 WM 相关，这表明这个年龄段的儿童使用言语策略来辅助 EM。相比之下，EM 与成年人的空间执行 WM 相关。情节提取过程的参与似乎与言语和空间 WM 的执行成分有选择性地相关，其模式在儿童和成年人中有所不同。
