A review of the mandibular and maxillary nerve supplies and their clinical relevance.

Mandibular and maxillary nerve supplies are described in most anatomy textbooks. Nevertheless, several anatomical variations can be found and some of them are clinically relevant. Several studies have described the anatomical variations of the branching pattern of the trigeminal nerve in great detail. The aim of this review is to collect data from the literature and gives a detailed description of the innervation of the mandible and maxilla. We carried out a search of studies published in PubMed up to 2011, including clinical, anatomical and radiological studies. This paper gives an overview of the main anatomical variations of the maxillary and mandibular nerve supplies, describing the anatomical variations that should be considered by the clinicians to understand pathological situations better and to avoid complications associated with anaesthesia and surgical procedures.