Milner J A
Nutrition Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
J Pediatr. 1990 Aug;117(2 Pt 2):S147-55. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80013-7.
Trace elements perform important functions in growth and development. However, little information exists about their dietary requirements during the demanding period of infancy. Opportunities to add to knowledge of the physiologic significance and dietary adequacy of trace elements in human nutrition are provided by recent analytic advances. Specific, sensitive, and reliable methods for the detection of trace element imbalances are sorely needed. Although several factors influence the dietary needs of these essential elements, the basis for establishing dietary needs in infants is hindered by the death of studies that have assessed their bioavailability in this age group. Thus until it has been conclusively shown otherwise, the physiologic response to human milk is used as the standard for infant feeding practices. This review is limited primarily to the physiologic significance and bioavailability of zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, chromium, fluoride, and selenium. The space devoted to each trace element is not meant to represent the element's importance but, rather, to reflect some of the present understanding of its metabolism and utilization.
微量元素在生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。然而，在婴儿这一需求旺盛时期，关于其膳食需求的信息却很少。近期的分析进展为增加对微量元素在人类营养中的生理意义和膳食充足性的认识提供了契机。目前迫切需要用于检测微量元素失衡的特异性、灵敏且可靠的方法。尽管有多种因素会影响这些必需元素的膳食需求，但评估该年龄组中它们生物利用度的研究结果缺失，这阻碍了确定婴儿膳食需求的依据。因此，在没有确凿证据证明其他情况之前，对母乳的生理反应被用作婴儿喂养实践的标准。本综述主要限于锌、铜、锰、钼、铬、氟和硒的生理意义和生物利用度。分配给每种微量元素的篇幅并非表示该元素的重要性，而是为了反映目前对其代谢和利用的一些理解。
