Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, INP, LISBP, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
Water Res. 2011 Dec 1;45(19):6362-70. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.09.024. Epub 2011 Sep 17.
Organic fouling and biofouling are the major severe types of fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in seawater (SW) desalination. Low pressure membrane filtration such as ultrafiltration (UF) has been developed as a pre-treatment before reverse osmosis. However, UF alone may not be an effective enough pre-treatment because of the existence of low-molecular weight dissolved organic matter in seawater. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to study a hybrid process, powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption/UF, with real seawater and to evaluate its performance in terms of organic matter removal and membrane fouling. The effect of different PAC types and concentrations is evaluated. Stream-activated wood-based PAC addition increased marine organic matter removal by up to 70% in some conditions. Moreover, coupling PAC adsorption with UF decreased UF membrane fouling and the fouling occurring during short-term UF was totally reversible. It can be concluded that the hybrid PAC adsorption/UF process performed in crossflow filtration mode is a relevant pre-treatment process before RO desalination, allowing organic matter removal of 75% and showing no flux decline for short-term experiments.
有机污染和生物污染是反渗透（RO）膜在海水（SW）淡化过程中面临的主要严重污染类型。低压膜过滤，如超滤（UF），已被开发为反渗透前的预处理方法。然而，由于海水中存在低分子量溶解有机物，单独使用 UF 可能不是一种足够有效的预处理方法。因此，本工作的目的是研究一种混合工艺，即粉末活性炭（PAC）吸附/UF，采用实际海水，并评估其在有机物去除和膜污染方面的性能。评估了不同 PAC 类型和浓度的效果。在某些条件下，添加流动激活的木质基 PAC 可将海洋有机物的去除率提高至 70%。此外，将 PAC 吸附与 UF 耦合可以减少 UF 膜污染，并且 UF 过程中的短期污染是完全可逆的。可以得出结论，在错流过滤模式下运行的混合 PAC 吸附/UF 工艺是反渗透脱盐前的一种相关预处理工艺，可实现 75%的有机物去除率，并且在短期实验中没有通量下降。
