University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Water Res. 2010 Mar;44(5):1636-44. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.11.012. Epub 2009 Nov 14.
This paper investigates the powdered activated carbon (PAC) contribution to the fouling control by natural organic matter (NOM) in PAC/UF hybrid process, as well as the foulant behaviour of the PAC itself. Solutions of NOM surrogates (humic acids, AHA, and tannic acid, TA) and AOM/EOM (algogenic organic matter/extracellular organic matter) fractions from a Microcystis aeruginosa culture were permeated through an ultrafiltration (UF) hollow-fibre cellulose acetate membrane (100kDa cut-off). The greatest impairment on flux and the poorest rejection were associated with polysaccharide-like EOM substances combined with mono and multivalent ions. PAC, either in the absence or in the presence of NOM, did not affect the permeate flux nor the reversible membrane fouling, regardless of the NOM characteristics (hydrophobicity and protein content) and water inorganics. However, PAC controlled the irreversible membrane fouling, minimising the chemical cleaning frequency. Furthermore, PAC enhanced AHA and TA rejections and the overall removal of AOM, although it was apparently ineffective for the highly hydrophilic EOM compounds.
本论文研究了粉末活性炭（PAC）在 PAC/UF 混合工艺中对天然有机物（NOM）的污染控制的贡献，以及 PAC 本身的污垢行为。采用超滤（UF）中空纤维醋酸纤维素膜（100kDa 截留分子量）对微囊藻培养物中的 NOM 替代物（腐殖酸，AHA 和丹宁酸，TA）和 AOM/EOM（藻源有机物质/细胞外有机物质）进行了渗透实验。与单和多价离子结合的多糖类 EOM 物质对通量和较差的截留率影响最大。无论 NOM 的特性（疏水性和蛋白质含量）和水无机物如何，PAC 无论是在存在或不存在 NOM 的情况下，均不会影响渗透通量或可逆的膜污染，但可控制不可逆的膜污染，最小化化学清洗频率。此外，PAC 提高了 AHA 和 TA 的去除率以及 AOM 的整体去除率，尽管对高亲水性 EOM 化合物显然无效。
