Division of Anatomical Sciences, Department of Medical Education, University of Michigan Medical School, 3767 Medical Science Building II, Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5608, USA.
Ann Anat. 2012 Jun;194(3):251-66. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.08.009. Epub 2011 Sep 22.
The history of anatomy in the Third Reich is still insufficiently explored, especially concerning its victims. These include not only the victims of the NS regime whose bodies were used in anatomical dissection, but also the Scholars of Anatomy whose careers were disrupted by NS policies. The spectrum of career disruption spanned from short-term suspension from work to death in concentration camps. In this study, the biographies of 462 Scholars of Anatomy were examined. 414 were members of the Anatomische Gesellschaft (Anatomical Society). Eighty-six persons (80 men, 6 women) were identified whose anatomical careers were disrupted by National Socialist policies. Sixty-two of them were members of the Anatomical Society. Their subsequent fate was dependent on the stage of the scholars' careers, their field of expertise, reason for dismissal (i.e. so-called Jewish descent or political dissent), nationality, country of residence or exile. Forty-three scholars emigrated, of whom 6 returned to positions in Germany and Austria after the war. Twenty-one remained in their home countries, of whom 17 were later reinstated in their positions. Twelve scholars were imprisoned, and 5 died in concentration camps. Five fates remain unresolved. As diverse as this group of scholars was, all of them had in common that a criminal regime forced them, being innocent of any crime, out of their position and work. Further work including the exploration of potential archival sources is necessary before a detailed and complete recounting of each individual life is possible.
纳粹德国时期的解剖学史仍未得到充分研究，尤其是其受害者。这些受害者不仅包括纳粹政权受害者，他们的尸体被用于解剖学解剖，还包括因纳粹政策而职业生涯中断的解剖学学者。职业生涯中断的范围从短期停职到集中营死亡。在这项研究中，检查了 462 位解剖学学者的传记。其中 414 位是 Anatomische Gesellschaft（解剖学会）的成员。确定了 86 名（80 名男性，6 名女性）解剖学职业生涯因国家社会主义政策而中断的学者。其中 62 人是解剖学会的成员。他们的命运取决于学者职业生涯的阶段、专业领域、解雇原因（即所谓的犹太血统或政治异议）、国籍、居住国或流亡国。有 43 名学者移民，其中 6 人在战后返回德国和奥地利的职位。21 人留在自己的祖国，其中 17 人后来恢复了职位。12 名学者被监禁，5 人死于集中营。还有 5 人的命运仍未解决。尽管这群学者的命运各不相同，但他们都有一个共同点，即一个犯罪政权迫使他们这些无罪的人失去了职位和工作。在详细完整地叙述每个人的生活之前，还需要进一步的工作，包括探索潜在的档案来源。
