Prommer Eric
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital. 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Scottsdale, AZ 85054, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2012 Jun;29(4):295-301. doi: 10.1177/1049909111423094. Epub 2011 Oct 13.
Haloperidol is a butyrophenone neuroleptic agent characterized as a high-affinity dopamine antagonist, originally used for the treatment of schizophrenia. Awareness of the role dopamine plays in many symptoms in palliative care, such as nausea, vomiting, and delirium, has led to the use of dopamine antagonists such as haloperidol for the treatment of these symptoms in the palliative care setting. Listed as 1 of the 25 important drugs in palliative care, haloperidol can be administered by multiple routes and can be given without dose alteration in the setting of both renal and hepatic insufficiency. Haloperidol is extensively metabolized in the liver, with CYP3A4 the chief cytochrome oxidase responsible for metabolism. This article will review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and current uses of haloperidol in palliative medicine. There will be an examination of the evidence base for the use of haloperidol in palliative medicine.
氟哌啶醇是一种丁酰苯类抗精神病药物，其特征为高亲和力多巴胺拮抗剂，最初用于治疗精神分裂症。鉴于多巴胺在姑息治疗的许多症状（如恶心、呕吐和谵妄）中所起的作用，人们开始使用多巴胺拮抗剂（如氟哌啶醇）来治疗姑息治疗环境中的这些症状。氟哌啶醇被列为姑息治疗中25种重要药物之一，可通过多种途径给药，在肾功能和肝功能不全的情况下无需调整剂量即可使用。氟哌啶醇在肝脏中广泛代谢，CYP3A4是负责代谢的主要细胞色素氧化酶。本文将综述氟哌啶醇在姑息医学中的药理学、药代动力学及当前用途。还将审视氟哌啶醇在姑息医学中应用的证据基础。
