Dept. Farmaco-Biologico, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Curr Mol Med. 2011 Dec;11(9):770-89. doi: 10.2174/156652411798062395.
Many plant antioxidants, intaken through the daily diet or plant-derived dietary supplements, have been shown able to prevent free radical-related diseases by counteracting cell oxidative stress. However, it is now considered that the in vivo beneficial effects of these phytochemicals are unlikely to be explained just by their antioxidant capability. Several plant antioxidants exhibit hormetic properties, by acting as 'low-dose stressors' that may prepare cells to resist more severe stress. In fact, low doses of these phytochemicals activate cell signaling pathways (being the most prominent examples the modulation of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, the NF-κB pathway and the Sirtuin-FOXO pathway) but high doses are cytotoxic. Herein we review the adaptive responses induced by the most known plant hormetic antioxidants, which are sulforaphane, resveratrol, curcumin, flavonoids, green tea catechins and diallylsulphides, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in such responses. Furthermore, this review outlines that the hormetic properties of these bioactive plant antioxidants might be successfully employed for realizing health-promoting dietary interventions especially in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
许多植物抗氧化剂，通过日常饮食或植物源性膳食补充剂摄入，已被证明能够通过对抗细胞氧化应激来预防与自由基相关的疾病。然而，现在人们认为这些植物化学物质的体内有益效果不太可能仅仅归因于其抗氧化能力。一些植物抗氧化剂表现出适应原性，充当“低剂量应激源”，可以使细胞准备好抵抗更严重的应激。事实上，这些植物化学物质的低剂量激活细胞信号通路（最突出的例子是 Nrf2/Keap1 通路、NF-κB 通路和 Sirtuin-FOXO 通路的调节），而高剂量则具有细胞毒性。本文综述了最著名的植物适应原性抗氧化剂（如萝卜硫素、白藜芦醇、姜黄素、类黄酮、绿茶儿茶素和二烯丙基二硫）诱导的适应性反应，以及涉及这些反应的分子机制。此外，本文还概述了这些生物活性植物抗氧化剂的适应原性可能被成功地用于实现促进健康的饮食干预，特别是在神经退行性疾病和癌症领域。
