一项临床前研究综述表明，药物强化物和非药物强化物对行为的影响存在差异。
A review of preclinical research demonstrating that drug and non-drug reinforcers differentially affect behavior.
作者信息
Kearns David N, Gomez-Serrano Maria A, Tunstall Brendan J
机构信息
Psychology Department, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
出版信息
Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2011 Dec;4(4):261-9. doi: 10.2174/1874473711104040261.
This review describes and summarizes current preclinical research revealing important differences between drug and non-drug reinforcers in terms of their effects on behavior. Despite research showing that drugs are not especially strong reinforcers in animals, a number of other behavioral differences potentially relevant to addiction have been reported in studies that have compared drug and non-drug reinforcers. Several of these effects appear only after long-term access to drugs. These include an escalation of drug intake, an increased persistence in responding for the drug, and a decreased sensitivity to the effects of punishers or other suppressors of drug seeking. Further differences between drug and non-drug reinforcers include the effects that reinforcer-paired stimuli have on behavior. Drug cues, as compared to food cues, have been shown to exert greater control over reinforcer-seeking behavior after periods of abstinence. Similarly, behavior previously reinforced by drugs, but not food, has been shown to be susceptible to stress-induced reinstatement after extinction. The behavioral differences between drug and non-drug reinforcers reviewed here may identify special features of drugs that lead to addiction.
本综述描述并总结了当前的临床前研究，这些研究揭示了药物强化物和非药物强化物在对行为的影响方面存在的重要差异。尽管有研究表明药物在动物中并非特别强效的强化物，但在比较药物强化物和非药物强化物的研究中，已经报道了一些其他可能与成瘾相关的行为差异。其中一些效应仅在长期接触药物后才会出现。这些包括药物摄入量的增加、对药物反应的持续性增强，以及对惩罚或其他抑制药物寻求行为的因素的敏感性降低。药物强化物和非药物强化物之间的进一步差异包括强化物配对刺激对行为的影响。与食物线索相比，药物线索已被证明在禁欲一段时间后对寻求强化物的行为具有更大的控制作用。同样，先前由药物而非食物强化的行为，在消退后已被证明易受应激诱导的恢复影响。本文综述的药物强化物和非药物强化物之间的行为差异可能揭示了导致成瘾的药物的特殊特征。
Zotero 插件