Rellini Alessandra H, Clifton Jessica
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Adv Psychosom Med. 2011;31:35-56. doi: 10.1159/000328807. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
Female orgasmic disorder (FOD) is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision, as a persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a 'normal' sexual excitement phase. FOD is a common problem affecting sexual function in a substantial proportion of women. Studies suggest that it is prevalent in 11-41% of women worldwide and can have a tremendous impact on the individual's quality of life, relational satisfaction and general well-being. The etiology of FOD tends to be multifactorial as it relates to genetics, medical conditions, medications, alcohol and drug use, other sexual dysfunctions, mental illness, life stressors, communication deficits and relationship issues. It is critical that sexual functioning in patients is assessed frequently through interview and/or validated questionnaires to aid in treatment strategy and/or referral. Currently, there are no approved medications to treat FOD. However, there are medications and psychological treatments that have shown promise in either treating FOD or thwarting the side effects of medications that can cause FOD. This chapter discusses the epidemiology and etiology of FOD and provides a comprehensive critical review of the literature on assessment and treatment of FOD.
女性性高潮障碍（FOD）在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册（第4版，修订版）》中被定义为在“正常”性兴奋阶段后，性高潮持续延迟或缺失。FOD是一个常见问题，影响着相当一部分女性的性功能。研究表明，全球11%-41%的女性存在该问题，它会对个人生活质量、人际关系满意度和总体幸福感产生巨大影响。FOD的病因往往是多因素的，涉及遗传学、医疗状况、药物、酒精和药物使用、其他性功能障碍、精神疾病、生活压力源、沟通缺陷和关系问题。通过访谈和/或经过验证的问卷对患者的性功能进行频繁评估，对于制定治疗策略和/或进行转诊至关重要。目前，尚无获批用于治疗FOD的药物。然而，有些药物和心理治疗方法在治疗FOD或对抗可能导致FOD的药物副作用方面显示出了前景。本章讨论了FOD的流行病学和病因，并对有关FOD评估和治疗的文献进行了全面的批判性综述。
