Centre for Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore - 560 012, India.
Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2011 Nov 15;25(21):3323-30. doi: 10.1002/rcm.5229.
The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) precipitation recharges ground water aquifers in a large portion of the Indian subcontinent. Monsoonal precipitation over the Indian region brings moisture from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal (BoB). A large difference in the salinity of these two reservoirs, owing to the large amount of freshwater discharge from the continental rivers in the case of the BoB and dominating evaporation processes over the Arabian Sea region, allows us to distinguish the isotopic signatures in water originating in these two water bodies. Most bottled water manufacturers exploit the natural resources of groundwater, replenished by the monsoonal precipitation, for bottling purposes. The work presented here relates the isotopic ratios of bottled water to latitude, moisture source and seasonality in precipitation isotope ratios. We investigated the impact of the above factors on the isotopic composition of bottled water. The result shows a strong relationship between isotope ratios in precipitation (obtained from the GNIP data base)/bottled water with latitude. The approach can be used to predict the latitude at which the bottled water was manufactured. The paper provides two alternative approaches to address the site prediction. The limitations of this approach in identifying source locations and the uncertainty in latitude estimations are discussed. Furthermore, the method provided here can also be used as an important forensic tool for exploring the source location of bottled water from other regions.
印度夏季季风（ISM）降水为印度次大陆的大部分地区的地下水含水层提供了补给。季风降水给印度地区带来了来自阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾（BoB）的水汽。由于 BoB 地区大陆河流大量淡水的排放以及阿拉伯海地区主导的蒸发过程，这两个水库的盐度存在很大差异，这使得我们能够区分源自这两个水体的水的同位素特征。大多数瓶装水制造商都利用季风降水补给的地下水自然资源进行瓶装水生产。这里介绍的工作将瓶装水的同位素比值与降水同位素比值的纬度、水汽来源和季节性联系起来。我们研究了上述因素对瓶装水同位素组成的影响。结果表明，降水（从 GNIP 数据库获得）/瓶装水中的同位素比值与纬度之间存在很强的关系。该方法可用于预测瓶装水的制造纬度。本文提供了两种替代方法来解决产地预测问题。讨论了该方法在确定产地位置方面的局限性以及纬度估计的不确定性。此外，这里提供的方法还可以用作探索来自其他地区的瓶装水来源地的重要取证工具。
