控释肥料对菊花叶片叶绿素荧光特性及观赏品质的影响

[Effects of controlled-release fertilizer on chrysanthemum leaf chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and ornamental quality].

作者信息

Song Xu-xu, Zheng Cheng-shu, Sun Xia, Ma Hai-yan

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an 271018, Shandong, China.

出版信息

Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2011 Jul;22(7):1737-42.

PMID:22007449

Abstract

Taking cut flower chrysanthemum 'Baima' as test material, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer on the leaf chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll and nutrient contents, and ornamental quality of chrysanthemum. Under no fertilization, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PS II in dark (F(v)/F(m)), potential photochemical efficiency of PS II (F(v)/F(0)), and quantum yield of PS II electron transport (phi(PS II)) decreased significantly, compared with those under fertilization. With the application of conventional compound fertilizers CCFA (N:P:K=20:8:10) and CCFB (N:P:K= 14:14:14), the F(v)/F(m), F(v)/F(0) and phi(PS II) had a slight increase in early period (30-60 d) but a remarkable decrease in mid and later periods (75 - 120 d), compared with those under the application of controlled-release fertilizers CRFA (N:P:K = 20:8:10) and CRFB (N:P:K= 14:14:14). Under the application of CRFA, the F(v)/F(m), phi(PS II), and photochemical quenching (q(P)) had somewhat increase, as compared with the application of CRFB. The non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under the application of CRFA and CRFB decreased significantly, compared with that under the application of CCFA and CCFB and the control. The chlorophyll content had a similar change trend with F(v)/F(m), F(v)/F(0), and phi(PS II). The leaf N, P, and K contents, flower stalk length and stalk diameter, flower diameter, and flower fresh and dry mass at harvest stage all increased under the application of CRFA and CRFB, compared with those under the application of CCFA and CCFB and the control, and the flower fresh and dry mass was significantly higher under the application of CRFA than of CRFB. This study showed that controlled-release fertilizer could improve the ornamental quality of chrysanthemum via improving the leaf chlorophyll content, photochemical transduction rate, and nutrient uptake, and CRFA had better effects than CRFB.

摘要

以切花菊‘白马’为试验材料，进行盆栽试验，研究控释肥对菊花叶片叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素和养分含量以及观赏品质的影响。与施肥处理相比，不施肥时，PS II在黑暗中的最大光化学效率（F(v)/F(m)）、PS II的潜在光化学效率（F(v)/F(0)）和PS II电子传递量子产率（phi(PS II)）显著降低。与施用控释肥CRFA（N:P:K = 20:8:10）和CRFB（N:P:K = 14:14:14）相比，施用常规复合肥CCFA（N:P:K = 20:8:10）和CCFB（N:P:K = 14:14:14）时，F(v)/F(m)、F(v)/F(0)和phi(PS II)在前期（30 - 60 d）略有增加，但在中后期（75 - 120 d）显著降低。与施用CRFB相比，施用CRFA时，F(v)/F(m)、phi(PS II)和光化学猝灭（q(P)）有所增加。与施用CCFA、CCFB及对照相比，施用CRFA和CRFB时的非光化学猝灭（NPQ）显著降低。叶绿素含量与F(v)/F(m)、F(v)/F(0)和phi(PS II)具有相似的变化趋势。与施用CCFA、CCFB及对照相比，收获期施用CRFA和CRFB时，叶片氮、磷、钾含量、花茎长度和茎粗、花径以及花的鲜质量和干质量均增加，且施用CRFA时花的鲜质量和干质量显著高于施用CRFB时。本研究表明，控释肥可通过提高叶片叶绿素含量、光化学转换率和养分吸收来改善菊花的观赏品质，且CRFA的效果优于CRFB。