Center for Airway Imaging and the Department of Radiology, Boston, MA, USA.
J Thorac Imaging. 2011 Nov;26(4):278-89. doi: 10.1097/RTI.0b013e3182203342.
Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) results from weakness of the airway walls and/or supporting cartilage and affects both adult and pediatric populations. Diagnosing TBM is challenging because symptoms are nonspecific and overlap with those of other chronic respiratory disorders. Recent advances in multidetector computed tomography have facilitated the noninvasive diagnosis of TBM, and concurrent advances in management have improved clinical outcomes and created a need for greater awareness of the posttreatment appearance of the airways. This review discusses the physiology, histopathology, epidemiology, and clinical features of TBM; it also describes current methods of diagnosis, available therapies, and postoperative imaging evaluation.
气管支气管软化症（TBM）是由气道壁和/或支撑软骨的薄弱引起的，可影响成人和儿童人群。TBM 的诊断具有挑战性，因为其症状不具特异性，与其他慢性呼吸系统疾病的症状相重叠。多排螺旋 CT 的最新进展促进了 TBM 的无创诊断，而管理方面的同步进展改善了临床结果，并需要提高对气道治疗后外观的认识。本文讨论了 TBM 的生理学、组织病理学、流行病学和临床特征；还描述了目前的诊断方法、可用的治疗方法和术后影像学评估。
