Koeslag J H
Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa.
J Theor Biol. 1990 May 10;144(1):15-35. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5193(05)80297-8.
In a population whose members' genomes are subject to degradation by random mutations, the heritable vigour of the most common phenotypes is unquestionable (though not necessarily optimal), and that of fringe individuals is always suspect. Natural selection will therefore support the evolution of an affinity for modal mates (i.e. koinophilia). The population's genetic make-up can then not readily be invaded by non-cryptic mutations. This imposes considerable phenotypic conservatism on sexually reproducing creatures, and inexorably canalizes them into sexually isolated, phenotypically distinct species. The model predicts, and the empiric data confirms, that the phenotypic gaps between largely monomorphic sexual species do not characterize the taxonomy of longstanding apomicts, where variation below the genus level is often continuous. The bias against the propagation of all forms of phenotypic novelty and non-conformity stabilizes social animals against selfish mutants, thus removing the barriers to the evolution of "group adaptations".
在一个其成员基因组易受随机突变降解影响的种群中,最常见表型的可遗传活力是毋庸置疑的(尽管不一定是最优的),而边缘个体的可遗传活力总是令人怀疑的。因此,自然选择将支持对典型配偶的偏好(即嗜交癖)的进化。这样一来,该种群的基因组成就不容易受到非隐蔽突变的侵入。这对有性生殖生物施加了相当大的表型保守性,并不可避免地将它们引导成为性隔离、表型不同的物种。该模型预测,并且经验数据也证实,在很大程度上为单态性的有性物种之间的表型差距并不表征长期存在的无融合生殖物种的分类,在无融合生殖物种中,属以下水平的变异通常是连续的。对所有形式的表型新奇性和不符合常规的传播的偏见使群居动物能够抵御自私的突变体,从而消除了“群体适应性”进化的障碍。