INRB-LNIV, Laboratório Nacional de Investigação Veterinária , Estrada de Benfica, 701, 1549-011 Lisboa, Portugal.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Nov 23;59(22):11927-34. doi: 10.1021/jf2029384. Epub 2011 Nov 2.
Nitrofurans were broadly used as an extremely effective veterinary antibiotic especially in pig and poultry production farms. Because of fears of the carcinogenic effects on humans, the nitrofurans were banned from use in livestock production in many countries, including the European Union. The present study examines the accumulation, distribution, and depletion of furaltadone and nifursol and of their tissue-bound metabolites [3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid hydrazine (DNSAH), respectively, in poultry edible tissues (muscle, liver, and gizzards) following administration to chickens of therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of both compounds. Nitrofurans determination was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively, for feeds and for poultry tissues. Furaltadone and nifursol, in very low concentrations, were found in samples of muscle, liver, and chicken's gizzard collected from slaughtered animals after 5 weeks of treatment and no withdrawal time period. When a withdrawal time period of 3 weeks was respected, no detectable nitrofuran parent compounds was observed in all of the studied matrices. For AMOZ, concentrations of 270 μg/kg in meat, 80 μg/kg in liver, and 331 μg/kg in gizzard were determined after administration of a medicated feed with furaltadone (132 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. For DNSAH, the concentration values obtained are much lower than those observed for AMOZ. For meat, liver, and gizzard, DNSAH concentrations of 2.5, 6.4, and 10.3 μg/kg, respectively, were determined, after administration of a medicated feed with nifursol (98 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. The gizzard could be considered a selected matrix for nitrofuran residues evaluation in poultry, due to its capacity of retaining either nitrofuran parent compounds or metabolites in higher concentrations, regardless of the administered dose or of the respected withdrawal time period.
硝基呋喃类药物曾被广泛用作一种非常有效的兽医抗生素，尤其在养猪和家禽养殖场中使用。由于担心对人类有致癌作用，许多国家（包括欧盟）已禁止在畜牧业生产中使用硝基呋喃类药物。本研究检测了呋喃它酮和呋喃唑酮及其组织结合代谢物[分别为 3-氨基-5-吗啉甲基-2-恶唑烷酮（AMOZ）和 3,5-二硝基水杨酸腙（DNSAH）]在鸡用治疗和亚治疗浓度下在禽类可食用组织（肌肉、肝脏和肫）中的积累、分布和消耗情况。通过高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测和液相色谱-串联质谱法分别对饲料和禽组织中的硝基呋喃类药物进行了检测。在停药 3 周后，从屠宰动物采集的肌肉、肝脏和鸡肫样本中检测到非常低浓度的呋喃它酮和呋喃唑酮。当遵守 3 周停药期时，在所研究的所有基质中均未观察到可检测的硝基呋喃母体化合物。对于 AMOZ，在使用含有呋喃它酮（132mg/kg）的药物饲料给药后 3 周停药期间，在肉中检测到 270μg/kg，在肝中检测到 80μg/kg，在肫中检测到 331μg/kg。对于 DNSAH，获得的浓度值要低得多。对于肉、肝和肫，分别在给药含有呋喃唑酮（98mg/kg）的药物饲料后 3 周停药期间，检测到 DNSAH 浓度为 2.5μg/kg、6.4μg/kg 和 10.3μg/kg。肫可被视为评估家禽中硝基呋喃类药物残留的首选基质，因为无论给药剂量或遵守的停药时间如何，其都能保留母体化合物或代谢物的浓度更高。
