Mathematica Policy Research, Washington, DC, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2011 Nov;41(5):516-24. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.06.045.
Excessive alcohol consumption causes premature death (average of 79,000 deaths annually); increased disease and injury; property damage from fire and motor vehicle crashes; alcohol-related crime; and lost productivity. However, its economic cost has not been assessed for the U.S. since 1998.
To update prior national estimates of the economic costs of excessive drinking.
This study (conducted 2009-2010) followed U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines to assess the economic cost of excessive alcohol consumption in 2006. Costs for health care, productivity losses, and other effects (e.g., property damage) in 2006 were obtained from national databases. Alcohol-attributable fractions were obtained from multiple sources and used to assess the proportion of costs that could be attributed to excessive alcohol consumption.
The estimated economic cost of excessive drinking was $223.5 billion in 2006 (72.2% from lost productivity, 11.0% from healthcare costs, 9.4% from criminal justice costs, and 7.5% from other effects) or approximately $1.90 per alcoholic drink. Binge drinking resulted in costs of $170.7 billion (76.4% of the total); underage drinking $24.6 [corrected] billion; and drinking during pregnancy $5.2 billion. The cost of alcohol-attributable crime was $73.3 billion. The cost to government was $94.2 billion (42.1% of the total cost), which corresponds to about $0.80 per alcoholic drink consumed in 2006 (categories are not mutually exclusive and may overlap).
On a per capita basis, the economic impact of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S. is approximately $746 per person, most of which is attributable to binge drinking. Evidence-based strategies for reducing excessive drinking should be widely implemented.
过量饮酒会导致过早死亡（平均每年有 79000 人死亡）；增加疾病和伤害；火灾和机动车事故造成的财产损失；与酒精相关的犯罪；以及生产力损失。然而，自 1998 年以来，美国尚未对其经济成本进行评估。
更新先前对美国过量饮酒经济成本的估计。
本研究（2009-2010 年进行）遵循美国公共卫生服务指南，评估 2006 年过量饮酒的经济成本。2006 年的医疗保健、生产力损失和其他影响（例如财产损失）成本取自国家数据库。从多个来源获得与酒精相关的比例，并用于评估可归因于过量饮酒的成本比例。
2006 年过量饮酒的估计经济成本为 2235 亿美元（72.2%来自生产力损失，11.0%来自医疗保健费用，9.4%来自刑事司法费用，7.5%来自其他影响），或每杯含酒精饮料约 1.90 美元。狂饮导致的成本为 1707 亿美元（占总成本的 76.4%）；未成年人饮酒 246 亿美元；孕妇饮酒 52 亿美元。与酒精相关的犯罪成本为 733 亿美元。政府的费用为 942 亿美元（占总成本的 42.1%），这相当于 2006 年每人饮用含酒精饮料的费用约为 0.80 美元（类别不是互斥的，可能会重叠）。
按人均计算，美国过量饮酒的经济影响约为每人 746 美元，其中大部分归因于狂饮。应广泛实施基于证据的减少过量饮酒的策略。
