Gaspar Dina, Jesus Saul Neves, Cruz José Pestana
Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina da Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2011 Mar-Apr;24(2):255-64. Epub 2011 May 20.
Family medicine has some constraints, which may be considered critical for physicians' career choice, and motivation may be one of them. Motivation should be seen as a determinant of career success, particularly in educational context. The aim of this study was to develop an understanding about the family medicine residents' professional motivation, based on psychological and cognitive factors.
The following objectives were set: (1) to characterize the residents, in terms of cognitive-motivational variables; (2) to evaluate their assertive skills during the vocational training.
In 2005, we designed a mail survey applied to all graduates entering Family Medicine, in Portugal (N = 228), at the start of their specialty program. As part of a larger observational study, a 57 Likert scale items questionnaire was designed to collect descriptive data. In this cross sectional study we present data from professional project, professional commitment, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy expectancies, results control expectancies, initial motivation to the specialty and assertiveness skills (cross sectional study).
From the target population, 109 completed questionnaires (47.8%) were returned. Most of the participants indicated high levels of professional orientation (77.1%) for family medicine and 92.6% had been globally committed in practice. At the beginning of the residency, the participants had medium (59.6%) or high (33.9%) levels of motivation for choosing this specialty, 89% were intrinsically motivated and 60.5% proved to be quite assertive in their patient approach.
These findings suggest that medical graduates, studied in this research, were globally motivated for practicing in a Family Medicine context, contradicting the overall perception of a physicians' declined interest for this specialty. These results may have implications in the design of real-life training programs for postgraduate education in Family Medicine, a time when physicians are forming expectations about their career performance and professional well-being. Future researches should continue studying more deeply the professional motivation of that population, throughout the vocational training in Family Medicine residency.
家庭医学存在一些限制因素，这些因素可能被认为对医生的职业选择至关重要，而动机可能是其中之一。动机应被视为职业成功的一个决定因素，尤其是在教育背景下。本研究的目的是基于心理和认知因素，深入了解家庭医学住院医师的职业动机。
设定了以下目标：（1）根据认知 - 动机变量对住院医师进行特征描述；（2）评估他们在职业培训期间的自信技能。
2005年，我们设计了一项邮寄调查，应用于葡萄牙所有进入家庭医学专业的毕业生（N = 228），在他们专科项目开始时。作为一项更大规模观察性研究的一部分，设计了一份包含57个李克特量表项目的问卷，以收集描述性数据。在这项横断面研究中，我们展示了来自专业项目、职业承诺、内在动机、自我效能期望、结果控制期望、对该专科的初始动机以及自信技能的数据（横断面研究）。
在目标人群中，共返回了109份完整问卷（47.8%）。大多数参与者表示对家庭医学有较高的职业导向（77.1%），并且92.6%在实践中总体上比较投入。在住院医师培训开始时，参与者选择该专科的动机处于中等（59.6%）或较高（33.9%）水平，89%有内在动机，并且60.5%在对待患者时表现得相当自信。
这些发现表明，本研究中的医学毕业生总体上有在家庭医学领域执业的动机，这与医生对该专科兴趣下降的总体看法相矛盾。这些结果可能对家庭医学研究生教育的实际培训项目设计产生影响，此时医生正在对他们的职业表现和职业幸福感形成期望。未来的研究应继续更深入地研究该人群在家庭医学住院医师培训整个过程中的职业动机。
